1. History 171C The United States and the World 1898-1945

2. World War II and U.S. Neutrality

3. Germany’s claim to Czechoslovakia’s Sudetenland

4. Britain and France agreed to German annexation of Sudetenland on condition that this would be Hitler’s last territorial demand Munich Agreement, September 1938 British PM Neville Chamberlain with Hitler

5. Neville Chamberlain The Legacy of Munich

6. November 1938—Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass) Late 1938—Hitler stepped up persecution of Jews

7. November 1938—Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)

8. Late 1938—Hitler stepped up persecution of Jews November 1938—Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)

9. Roosevelt was sympathetic to their plight but did little to ease immigration restrictions Kristallnacht caused major exodus of Jews out of Germany

10. Early 1939—Hitler reneged on Munich Agreement, dismembered rest of Czechoslovakia

11. Early 1939—Hitler demanded that Danzig and Polish Corridor be returned to Germany

12. Spring 1939—Britain and France pledged to defend Poland against German aggression British PM Neville Chamberlain French PM Edouard Deladier

13. Non-aggression treaty between Germany and USSR Secret agreement to divide up Poland and much of rest of Eastern Europe August 1939—Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact

14. Non-aggression treaty between Germany and USSR Secret agreement to divide up Poland and much of rest of Eastern Europe August 1939—Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact

15. September 1939 German invasion of Poland

16. September 1939— Soviet invasion of Eastern Poland

17. Britain and France declared war on Germany Chamberlain announcing war decision, Sept. 3, 1939

18. but was determined to aid struggle against Nazi Germany Roosevelt announced US would remain neutral

19. World War II and U.S. Neutrality

20. The War in Europe Hitler and lebensraum (“living space”)

21. Neutrality Act of 1939

22. “Phony War,” September 1939- April 1940 British propaganda poster, c. 1940

23. April-May 1940— Germany defeated Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg

24. France’s Maginot Line

25. May-June 1940—Germany defeated France Attack mounted via Ardennes Forest— bypassing Maginot Line

26. British and French forces escaped via Dunkirk

28. Remainder nominally independent (but subservient to Germany) under Vichy government Northern part of France occupied

29. Remainder nominally independent (but subservient to Germany) under Vichy government Northern part of France occupied

30. June 1940—Italy entered war on side of Germany

31. Summer 1940— “Battle of Britain”

32. 1940-1941—Germany launched air raids against British cities

33. but failed to break Britain’s morale

34. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill

35. FDR’s efforts to help Britain

36. “Destroyers for Bases” deal, 1940

37. What to do?

38. Debate Between “Internationalists” and “Isolationists,” 1940-1941 What to do?

39. Internationalism Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies

40. Isolationism Committee to Defend America First Charles Lindbergh

41. Dr. Seuss on Charles Lindbergh, 1941

42. Wendell Willkie Republican Presidential Candidate in 1940

43. November 1940— Roosevelt elected for third term

44. Lend Lease Act Proposed December 1940 Enacted March 1941

45. Spring 1941— Germany attacked British forces in Libya Irwin Rommel

46. Spring 1941— Germany conquered Yugoslavia and Greece

47. Summer 1941—Germany attacked Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa)

48. U.S. Lend-Lease aid extended to Soviet Union

49. Summer 1941—FDR and Churchill met in Newfoundland, issued Atlantic Charter

50. Anglo-U.S. friction over open trade proposal

51. 1941—U.S. and Germany wage undeclared naval war in the Atlantic

52. October 1941—FDR and the “Secret Nazi map”

53. The War in Asia “ The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere”

54. Linkage between Axis victories in Europe and Japanese moves in Asia: Dutch and French holdings now more accessible to Japan

55. September 1940—Japan moved into Indochina; signed Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy

56. U.S. reacted by embargoing scrap metal to Japan

57. April 1941—Japanese-Soviet Neutrality Pact

58. Summer 1941—Japan seized rest of Indochina

59. Japanese troops entering Saigon, Vietnam Summer 1941—Japan seized rest of Indochina

60. Japanese troops entering Saigon, Vietnam U.S. imposed oil embargo Summer 1941—Japan seized rest of Indochina

61. Fall 1941—Japanese government decided to move against Malaya and Dutch East Indies

62. To secure these gains, decided on preemptive strike against U.S. & British forces in Pacific

66. December 1941 —Japan attacked U.S. positions at Pearl Harbor and Philippines, and British positions in Malaya and Hong Kong

67. December 1941—U.S. declared war on Japan; Germany declared war on U.S.