1. APEURO Lecture 1A Mrs. Kray (some slides taken from Susan Pojer ) APEURO Lecture 1A Mrs. Kray (some slides taken from Susan Pojer )

3. #1 - Globalization Definition: Goods and resources in one area became accessible to all European scientific, technological, and political advances fueled this movement

4. #2 - Democratization Ideals of representative gov’t and guarantees of rights After the Fr. Revolution these became a standard by which regimes were judged –Also provided an agenda for revolutionaries everywhere

5. #3 - Modernization Definition: “contemporary” or “up-to-date” Trends associated with modernism include: –Mass political culture based on appeals to popular will –Secular and scientific view of the world –Cultural movements associated with self- expression, the subconscious, and personal identity –Economic systems based on mechanization, mass production, and marketing –Global transportation and communication networks

7. Greek Civilization Considered founders of Western Civilization Plato and Aristotle established important principles and knowledge that dominated all academic fields until the 16 th c. City-states Emphasis in art and architecture on balance, symmetry, and order

8. Roman Civilization Initial importance lay in spreading Greek ideas to the remainder of Europe Ability to centralize power and establish uniform legal code across a vast expanse of territory Distinctly urban culture Many Europeans wanted to recover the peace and stability of the Pax Romana

9. Extent of the Roman Empire

10. Christianity Europe = heartland of Christian religion Created belief in individual immortality and a moral structure that transcended the “earthly” world Notion that each individual is “created in the image of God” has often acted as a check on absolutist tendencies in politics and provided a moral basis for law and society Scholasticism – pagan ideas governing logic and the natural world were synthesized into Christian dogma to explain divine truths Caesaropapism – idea that political and spiritual were fused in the same person –Two authorities developed separately in Latin Christendom –Led to repeated controversies

11. The High Middle Ages, 1050-1300 Feudalism –relationship between the lord and vassal were based on specific contractual obligations of loyalty and protection –Society became divided between nobles, peasants, and clergy Guilds –an association of merchants and craftsmen. –Provided that work should be done by reliable and experienced people – Provided a means of vocational education

13. Europe as a Queen Munster, 1588 Europe as a Queen Munster, 1588

14. Europe’s Latitude v. US

15. Former Soviet Region Compared in Latitude & Area with the United States

16. Satellite View of Europe

17. 3,800 square miles

18. REGIONSREGIONSREGIONSREGIONS REGIONSREGIONSREGIONSREGIONS

19. Continents by Size (sq. km.) Asia44,579,000Africa30,065,000 North America 24,256,000 South America 17,819,000 Antarctica13,209,000 Europe Europe9,938,000 Oceania (incl. Australia) Oceania (incl. Australia) 7,687,000

20. World Population by Continents Asia3,737,000,000 Africa823,000,000 Europe729,000,000 North America 486,000,000 South America 351,000,000 Oceania (incl. Australia) Oceania (incl. Australia) 31,000,000 Antarctica no permanent population

21. Population Density [People Per Square Mile] Belgium336.82Mexico52.15 Japan336.72 United States 29.77 India336.62World14.42 United Kingdom 244.69Norway14.42 Italy192.96Canada 3.36 France108.09Russia 8.61

23. Europe: A Peninsula of Peninsulas? Europe: A Peninsula of Peninsulas? OROR A Peninsula of Asia?

24. Europe: An Asian Peninsula?

25. Northern Peninsulas Jutland Peninsula Scandinavian Peninsula

26. Southern Peninsulas Iberian Peninsula Italian Peninsula Balkan Peninsula Anatolean Peninsula Crimean Peninsula

27. PeninsulasPeninsulasPeninsulasPeninsulas PeninsulasPeninsulasPeninsulasPeninsulas Scandinavian Pen. Jutland Pen. Iberian Pen. Italian Pen.Balkan Pen. Anatolean Pen. Crimean Pen. Peloponnesian Pen.

28. What’s the answer ??

29. B o d i e s of W a t e r B o d i e s of W a t e r Mediterranean Sea North Sea Atlantic Ocean Baltic Sea Black Sea Aegean Sea Adriatic Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Bay of Biscay Strait of Gibraltar Dardanelles Strait Arctic Ocean English Channel Caspian Sea

30. The Mediterranean Sea: Mare Nostrum e 2,400 miles long & 1,000 miles wide e “Crossroads of 3 Continents” Caesarea on the Israeli coast Strait of Gibraltar & the “Pillars of Hercules”

31. RiversRiversRiversRivers RiversRiversRiversRivers Danube R. Seine R. Rhine R. Loire R. Po R. Tiber R. Tagus R. Thames R. Elbe R. Oder R. Vistula R. Dnieper R. Volga R. Don R. Ebro R.

32. The Danube River 1770 miles

33. The Danube River  Flows through the 12 countries of Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Ukraine. Where Buda & Pest Meet Biking Along the Danube

34. The Volga River e The longest river in Europe --> 2,300 miles.

35. The Volga River e The river is so polluted that the sturgeon catch has been decreased by 60%.

36. Why are most of the capitals of Europe on major rivers??

37. Capitals on the Rivers (1) Paris, right bank of the Seine London on the Thames Prague on the Vltava Budapest on the Danube

38. Capitals on the Rivers (2) Berlin on the Spree Moscow on the Moscow River Rome on the Tiber Vienna on the Danube

39. What’s the answer ??

40. Answer:Answer: They are Europe’s lifeline!

41. Moutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&Peaks Moutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&Peaks Alps Mts. Pyrennes Mts. Apennines Mts. Dinaric Alps Carpathian Mts. Caucasus Mts. Ural Mts. Mt. Etna ^ Mt. Vesuvius ^ Mt. Olympus ^

42. ElevationElevation Alps Carpathians Caucasus Urals Pyrennes Apennines

43. The Alps e Cover most of Switzerland, Austria, and parts of Italy and France.

44. Mt. Blanc in the Alps e Highest mountain in the Alps: 15,771 feet

45. The Caucasus Mountains e The origin of the word Caucasian.

46. Transylvania in the Carpathian Mountains e Home of Vlad Tepeš, the Drakul (“Count Dracula”)

47. Ural Mountains: “The Great Divide” e Divides the European and Asian sections of Russia. 1500 miles

48. The Ural Mountains

49. PlainsPlainsPlainsPlains PlainsPlainsPlainsPlains Northern European Plain Steppes Siberian Lowlands