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Mitotic Cell Cycle DNA Replication
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G1SG2 G1 M-Phase
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Binding site for Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) (ORC)
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(G1 Phase) (G2 Phase) Semi-Conservative DNA Replication
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Completing Synthesis of the Lagging Strand (5’ to 3” exonuclease) * *
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DNA Polymerase “proof reading”
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Thymine Tautomers Pairs with Adenine Pairs with Guanine (common form) (rare form)
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End Replication Problem Final RNA primers removed Second round of DNA replication First round of DNA replication * * * * A
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Telomere Synthesis
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Normal Cell Telomeres Short Telomeres Apoptosis
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Telomerase Inhibitor Apoptosis Telomostatin
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Cohesion of Sister Chromatids
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Interphase and M-Phase Chromosomes
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Condensation of Chromatids
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Kinetochore Pg. 645
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Kinetochore
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Mitotic Spindle
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Pg. 641 MetaphaseAnaphase
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Start of Anaphase P
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Anaphase “A” and “B”
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Nuclear Lamina
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Pg. 576
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Control Points in the Mitotic Cell Cycle Positive Control by Cyclin/Cdk Negative Control By p53
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Cyclin Protein Levels Vary During the Cell Cycle
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Pg. 257 Ubiquitin-dependent Protein Degradation Proteasome Peptides + Ub Protein Ub-Ub-Ub Protein + Ub APC (Ubiquitin Ligase)
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Cyclin/Cdk Complexes During the Cell Cycle Expression of M-cyclin Gene Expression of S-cyclin Gene Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis
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(RTK) (Ras-MAP Kinase) Activation of “S-Phase Genes” Cyclin/Cdk Phosphorylates Rb Protein
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Inactivating the Cyclin/Cdk Complex Active Cdc4 Ubiqutin Ligase
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Cyclin/Cdk Complexes During the Cell Cycle Expression of M-cyclin Gene Expression of S-cyclin Gene Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis
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Cell Cycle Checkpoints
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The p53 Cell Cycle Checkpoint DNA Repair System Apoptosis or Short Telomeres
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Cyclin/Cdk Complexes During the Cell Cycle Expression of M-cyclin Gene Expression of S-cyclin Gene Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis
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Cyclin/Cdk Phosphorylates Nuclear Lamins M-Cyclin/Cdk
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Cyclin/Cdk Phosphorylates APC M-Cyclin/Cdk P
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Normal Cell Apoptotic Cell
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The “Death” Receptor
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Release of Cytochrome C from Mitochondria Pg. 628
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Caspase Activation Pg. 627
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Caspase Cascade Pg. 627
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Overview of Mammalian Development
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(~ 9 weeks)
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Asymmetric Cell Divisions of Meiosis (Metaphase II) (Mitosis)
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Egg Cell and Sperm Cells Pg. 661
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8 cell Embryo (morula) “Cleavage” Divisions 50 µm
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Blastocycst Uterus Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass (ICM) 50 µm Trophoblast Blastocoel
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Early Embryonic Development (~ 7 days)
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Drosophila melanogaster (a.k.a. Fruit Fly)
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The eyeless (ey) Gene Controls Eye Development
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Pg. 288 Ectopic Expression of ey Gene
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Expression of ey Gene in Leg Precursor Cells
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Pg. 288 Ectopic Expression of Mouse ey Gene Group of cells that give rise to adult wing
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Expression of Mouse ey Gene in Wing Precursor Cells
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Homeotic Genes
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HoxD13 mutation Synpolydactyl Phenotype
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Stem Cell Concept Signal Molecules? Pg. 721
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Pluripotent Embryonic Stem Cells Pg. 724 Signal E Signal D Signal C Signal B Signal A IVF “Stem Cell Line”
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Colony of Embryonic Stem Cells
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Teratomas Neural epithelia Retinal epithelia Bone Cartilage
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Pg. 725 “enucleated egg” “Donor” Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Reconstructed Zygote
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Pg. 725 “enucleated egg” “Donor” Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Reconstructed Zygote
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Pluripotent Stem Cells Without Embryos? November 20, 2007
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