2. Tuesday, 12/3 I can… –Describe the battles that began the Texas Revolution Do Now… –Refer to pages 204- 205 to answer the following: 1.How did settlers respond to the arrival of General Cos in San Antonio? 2.What rumors were spread when he arrived?

3. Review Constitution of 1824 –It gave limited power to the central government and broad local authority to the states

4. Review … Fredonian Rebellion –The Edwards brothers tried to declare independence from Mexico Law of April 6, 1830 –Banned U.S. immigration into Mexico –Made it illegal to being more slaves into Mexico –Set up Custom Duties for goods that came from the United States  Conflicts at Anahuac and Velasco

5. Review Turtle Bayou Resolution –In response to the Conflict at Anahuac –It said that they were loyal to Mexico Conventions of 1832 &1833 –Wanted to make changes in the Mexican Government Consultation –Wanted Mexico to make the changes suggested at the Conventions of 32 & 33 –Wrote a state Constitution

7. Chapter 9 Overview (1 of 2) Gonzales—The Lexington of Texas The first conflict between Mexican troops and Texan colonists came at Gonzales on October 2, 1835. The fighting lasted only a few minutes before the Mexican troops withdrew. Another brief battle at Goliad convinced many Texans that Mexican troops could be defeated easily. Stephen F. Austin took command of the Army of the People and marched the volunteers toward San Antonio. At the same time, delegates met at a Consultation, but a motion calling for immediate independence was defeated. Instead, a provisional government was set up, with Henry Smith named as governor and James W. Robinson as lieutenant governor. Sam Houston was chosen to command the regular army.

8. Chapter 9 Overview (2 of 2) Declaring Independence In December 1835, the Texan volunteers drove Mexican forces into the abandoned San Antonio mission known as the Alamo. General Cós asked for terms of surrender and returned to Mexico. Many Texans believed that the war was over. Members of the provisional government quarreled frequently among themselves. In early 1836, when the Texans should have been making preparations to fight Santa Anna, little was being accomplished. However, a new convention was to be held in March 1836. Santa Anna's army arrived in San Antonio in February 1836, and the Texans still remaining there moved into the Alamo. At about the same time, elected delegates began arriving at Washington- on-the-Brazos to attend the Convention. A declaration of independence from Mexico was written and adopted by unanimous vote on March 2, 1836. The Convention delegates then turned to writing a constitution for the new republic, which was approved on March 16. A messenger arrived on March 17, carrying news that Santa Anna's army was approaching. The ad interim president, David G. Burnet, and his cabinet fled. The future looked bleak for the new Republic of Texas.

10. Section 1: The Revolution Begins Main Idea The first shots of the Texas Revolution were fired, and Texans took steps to govern themselves. Section Theme Civic Rights and Responsibilities –Texans turned a struggle for state self-government into a war for independence Key Questions Which battles began the Texas Revolution? What decisions were made at the Consultation of 1835?

11. Key Terms Committees of correspondence –local groups formed to share political and military information with other communities (p. 205) Siege –a military blockade of a city or fortress (p. 206) Provisional government –temporary government (p. 208) Municipality –a city or other district that has local self-government (p. 208) Regular army –an army of full-time, paid soldiers (p. 208)

12. A Mexican Army Arrives in Texas More than 650 Mexican troops arrived in San Antonio Settlers were uneasy. For protection, towns formed safety committees that included road watch patrols to warn against arrival of federal troops.

13. How did the settlers react to the arrival of troops in San Antonio? They were uneasy, and they set up road watch patrols

15. Gonzales – The Lexington of Texas

16. The first conflict between Mexican troops and Texas colonists came at Gonzales on October 2, 1835. Gonzales is known as the “Lexington of Texas.” –It was the first battle of Texas’s war for independence, just as the battle of Lexington, Massachusetts, was the first one of the American Revolutionary War A group of 160 armed Texans fought the Mexican troops in a brief battle. The Mexican troops withdrew. No Texans were killed.

18. Why is Gonzales known as the “Lexington of Texas”? It was the first battle of Texas’s war for independence, just as the battle of Lexington, Massachusetts, was the first one of the American Revolutionary War

19. On to San Antonio

20. A week after the fighting in Gonzales, 100 Texans attacked the garrison at Goliad, forcing the Mexican troops to surrender. Texans now believed Mexican troops could be defeated easily. Texans prepared to march against Cós in San Antonio

21. How did the fighting at Goliad affect the Texans? It led them to believe it would be easy to defeat the Mexicans.

22. Peace Party Prevails at the Consultation Other Texans held the Consultation in San Felipe The War Party wanted an immediate declaration of independence. The Peace Party wanted the Consultation to declare that Texas was fighting for the Mexican Constitution of 1824, which Santa Anna had overthrown

23. Why did most of the Consultation delegates not vote for Texas independence? They wanted peace, and they thought that by showing loyalty to Mexico, they would avoid a war.

24. A Provisional Government Begins The Consultation created a provisional government Henry Smith of Brazoria served as a governor and James W. Robinson of Nacogdoches as a lieutenant governor. Both were members of the War Party. The Consultation created a regular army of full-time soldiers and chose Sam Houston as comander.

25. What effect did electing Smith as governor and Robinson as lieutenant governor have on the Consultation? These men were members of the War Party and became powerful leaders who established an army and placed it in the hands of Sam Houston.

26. Section 2 Main Idea Texans won a victory at San Antonio but the provisional government failed. Section Theme Culture and Traditions –People of many ethnicities joined together in the fight for Texas independence. Key Questions What military events occurred in the winter of 1835- 1836? What problems were caused by the provisional government?

27. Key Terms Veto –To reject, as to reject a bill and prevent it from becoming a law; a refusal by a president or governor to approve a law (pp. 213, 374) Override –To overrule, or set aside, another action (p. 213)

28. The battles so far… October 2, 1835 –The Battle of Gonzales marks the first official skirmish of the Texas Revolution. Near the Guadalupe River, this attempted repossession of a cannon given to American colonists by the Mexican government for Indian defense marked the descent to a new low in relations between the Texian settlers and Mexico. October 9, 1835 –The Goliad Campaign of 1835 started as an initiative by General Martín Perfecto de Cos to regain control of ports along the Texas Coast. But it ended when Texian rebels charged the handful of Mexican defenders seized a fort at Goliad. This enraged Mexican officials and strained relations between rebel and loyalist Texians.

31. Battles in San Antonio in October-December 1835 October 28, 1835 –Battle of Concepción. General Martín Perfecto de Cos, failing his objectives at Goliad, made his way to the Alamo mission whereby Texas forces under the command of Stephen F. Austin laid siege to his position from a wooded area near the San Antonio River. Less than 100 Texans ended all hope of escape for the 450 Mexican soldiers. November 26, 1835 –The Texian camp was alerted to Mexican cavalry approaching San Antonio, and attacked—hoping they were carrying the soldier’s pay. The Texans managed to steal their cargo. But instead of silver, it was grass to feed the livestock. This engagement is now known as the Grass Fight. December 5-9, 1835 –At the Siege of Béxar, the Texians launched a surprise attack on the Mexican soldiers seeking refuge in San Antonio. The climax of the first major campaign in the Texas Revolution, the siege included trench warfare and night attacks. Many of the Mexican Cavalry fled, and surrender terms were accepted from General Cos.

32. The Grass Fight Edward Burleson and his soldiers intercepted a Mexican mule team thought to be carrying silver. After a skirmish, the Texans captured some mules and discovered that their cargo consisted only of grass meant for Cós’s cavalry horses. Restless and hungry, the Texas volunteers called off the siege in early December.

33. Why did the volunteer army call off the siege of the Alamo? They were running out of supplies and were restless; it was probably cold in December, and they were having little success.

34. The Assault on San Antonio The Texas volunteers fought their way into San Antonio and pushed Mexican forces toward the center of town. The Mexican soldiers retreated to an abandoned mission known as the Alamo. On December 9, his supplies exhausted, Cós surrendered and was allowed to return to Mexico. Texans believed that the war was over and began returning home.

35. General Martín Perfecto de Cos

36. Where did the Mexican army make a stand against the Texans? They retreated to an abandoned mission, the Alamo.

37. Tejanos and African Americans Join the Fight About 100 Tejanos were in the Texas Army at San Antonio. Hendrick Arnold, a free African American, guided Milam’s column in the battle.

39. Who made up the Texas army at San Antonio? About 100 men of various heritage, included Tejanos and African Americans.

40. The Provisional Government Governor Henry Smith rejected a proposal to hold a convention of the people in March, but the council overrode his veto. Later, the council approved a plan to capture Matamoros, but Governor Smith vetoed it. Disagreements resulted in a breakdown of government, leaving Texas unprepared to fight Santa Anna.

42. What events showed that there was a disagreement in the government? Governor Smith rejected the proposal for a convention of the people. He also vetoed a plan to capture Matamoros—a place that had been approved by the council.

43. Section 3 Main Idea Texans declared their independence and set up their government as Santa Anna’s forces defeated Texans at the Alamo and in South Texas. Section Theme Civic Rights and Responsibilities –The Texas constitution provided for representative government. Key Questions What did the Texas Declaration of Independence from Mexico state? What provisions were included in the Texas Constitution?

44. Key Terms Petition –To formally make a request (p. 215) Executive –Having to do with the chief officer of a government (pp. 216, 624) Legislative –Elected officials who make the laws for the state (pp. 323, 624) Judicial –Having to do with courts of law or the justice system (p. 216) Civil rights –The rights of personal liberty guaranteed to US citizens, by the Constitution and acts of Congress (pp. 216, 527) Ad interim –Serving for the intervening time; temporarily (p. 217)

45. Santa Anna Crosses into Texas In February, 1836, Santa Anna and a large army arrived in San Antonio. Texans in San Antonio moved into and fortified the old Alamo mission.

46. Why did Texans move into the Alamo mission? They moved for protection against the advancing Mexican army.

47. The Convention Declares Independence In late February, delegates to a new convention began to arrive at Washington- on-the-Brazos. The Convention created the Texas Declaration of Independence. The Declaration cited Santa Anna’s government with violation of liberties guaranteed under the Mexican Constitution of 1824.

49. What was one of the major concerns of the delegates as they wrote the Texas Declaration of Independence? They were concerned that Santa Anna violated the Mexican Constitution and that Texans’ freedom also would be in jeopardy.

50. The Delegates Write a Constitution The Convention completed the Texas Constitution by March 16 as fighting began at the Alamo. Like the United States Constitution, the Constitution of Texas created three branches of government and included a Bill of Rights that guaranteed basic freedoms. The Texas Constitution made slavery legal. Free African Americans were not permitted to live in the Republic of Texas, the state they helped to liberate, without congressional permission.

51. What was ironic about the Texas Constitution? It created a Bill of Rights that included basic freedoms, yet it ignored the human freedoms of African Americans.

52. The Ad Interim Government Takes Control Because of fighting at the Alamo, officers were appointed for an ad interim, or temporary, government instead of being elected. David G. Burnet was chosen temporary president, and Sam Houston was elected commander of the Army.

53. Why were the government officers appointed and not elected? The government had to act quickly to deal with the immediate danger of Santa Anna and his army.

54. A Convention Diary Colonel William F. Gray’s diary describes the delegates, their work, and their feelings. As the Convention unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence, word came from Travis that 300 Mexicans demonstrated at the Alamo. Another dispatch, dated March 3, arrived from Travis, and many people prepared to go to the Alamo. On March 16, the delegates reconvened and worked into the night to create a constitution and a provision government.

55. What might have been the purpose of Travis’s letter of March 3? It was probably an appeal for military aid against Santa Anna’s forces.

56. Santa Anna Advances On March 15, a messenger reported that the Alamo had fallen. On March 17, word came that Santa Anna’s army was headed for Washington- on-the-Brazos. When Santa Anna’s army approached, the Texas government fled to Galveston. The war had begun, and the future looked bleak for the new Republic of Texas.

57. Why did Santa Anna pursue the members of the new government? Without government leadership, the new Republic of Texas probably would not be able to defend itself properly.

59. Bibliography "Revolution." Revolution. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Nov. 2012.. Anderson, Adrian N., Ph.D., Ralph A. Wooster, Ph.D., Arnoldo De Leon, Ph.D., William C. Hardt, and Ruthe Winegarten. Texas & Texans. Columbus, OH: Glenco McGraw-Hill, 2003. Print.