1. Geography

2. What is Geography? Geography is the study of what is where and why it’s there. Mike Reed

3. Divisions of Geography Physical Geography Human Geography Rocks and Minerals Population Landforms Settlements Soils Economic Activities Animals Transportation Plants Recreational Activities Water Religion Atmosphere Political Systems Rivers and Other Water Bodies Social Traditions Environment Human Migration Climate and Weather Agricultural Systems Geography is a bridge between the natural and social sciences. Geography is a holistic or synthesizing science.

4. The Five Themes of Geography

5. The Geography of Breakfast a geographic thinking demonstration Take a minute to write down everything ate for breakfast or lunch today.

6. Top Ten Coffee Growing Countries COFFEE

7. Chocolate was “discovered” for Europe by Christopher Columbus, but it’s commercial possibilities were recognized by Hernan Cortez who was served a drink made from cocoa beans by Moctezuma, leader of the Aztecs (whom he later executed). The cacao tree, like coffee, grows only in the tropics. Today it is grown primarily for export to the U.S. and Europe. CHOCOLATE

8. Breakfast Foods Food Place of OriginCurrent Production coffeeEthiopiaTropics orangesSouth Asia, IndiaUS, Mediterranean porkChina, South AsiaWorldwide wheatNear EastUS, Russia, Argentina teaChinaAsia oats Near EastTemperate Climates pepperSouth AmericaAmericas, Asia

9. Fieldwork: Geographers as Contemporary Explorers

10. Quito, Ecuador, 2008

11. Ecuador, 2008

12. India, 2008

13. Northern Baja Rest Stop, 1998

14. Taos, New Mexico

15. Thailand, 2008

16. Guarding the Great Wall of China

18. Introduction to Cultural Geography l Definition of Cultural Geography l History of the Discipline l Fundamental Concepts

19. What is CULTURE? What are its elements? How is it transferred? How has the meaning of the word changed over time?

20. Geographic Importance of Culture Geographers study culture because it leaves dramatic imprints on the earth, both physical and cultural. l Language: a crystal ball into culture. l Religion: strongest determinant of ethics. l Nationalism and Borders l Material Culture: tools, clothes, toys, etc. l Architecture: Suburban garages vs. earlier porches

21. Key Concepts REGION- an area that shares common characteristics 1. Formal - whole area shares essential uniformity across the space (i.e., City of Glendale) 2. Functional - defined by a node of activity and distance decay from center (i.e. cell phone coverage) 3. Vernacular – common perception of cultural identity (i.e.,“Deep South”)

22. Formal Regions - whole area shares essential uniformity across the space.

23. Functional Regions - defined by a node of activity and distance decay from center (i.e. cell phone coverage)

24. Functional Region What is the function in this example? What acts as the node of functionality? - defined by a node of activity and distance decay from center (i.e. cell phone coverage)

25. Vernacular Regions

26. – areas that include common perception of cultural identity (“Deep South”)

27. Spatial Analysis Geographers search for patterns in the distribution and movement of human activities and environmental processes. Where is AIDs?AIDs Where do we find hunger?hunger Where are American blacks?American blacks Where are cows produced?cows

28. Spatial Analysis: Crime Mapping

30. Describing Distributions

31. Rheris Valley, Atlas Mountains, Morocco. Photo by Yann Arthus-Bertrand.

32. Phoenix, Arizona

33. Collegeville, Pennsylvania

34. Hong Kong, China

35. San Francisco, California

36. Farm Fields near Des Moines, Iowa

37. Fields near Pullman, Washington Photo by Yann Arthus-Bertrand

38. Marina Del Rey, Los Angeles, California

39. Napa, California

40. Diffusion Relocation Hierarchical Contagious Stimulus

42. Tobler’s 1 st Law of Geography All things are related. However, all other things being equal, those things that are closest together are more related. Related Concepts: l Distance Decay

43. Space Latitude and Longitude - a reference system designed to provide “absolute” location (as opposed to relative locations). l Parallels of Latitude l Meridians of Longitude Glendale College is located at 34 10 03 N 118 13 41 W

45. Place and Sense of Place Every place is unique. Imagine where you lived as a child. What made that special? l Sensory l Architecture l Symbolic Humanistic Geography - values the individual perspective. Place and Placelessness (Relph, 1978)

46. What kinds of cultural values are reflected in each of these American houses? Gated community?

47. The Cultural Landscape The result of the natural environment and all of the changes to it as a result of a particular culture. (Carl Sauer) l Environmental Determinism: environment is primary determinant of culture. l Possibilism: humans are primary determinant of culture.

49. N.Y.C. Environmentally Determined?

50. What about Bali, Indonesia?

51. Where are we? What values are reflected in each? What relation to physical environment?

52. Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey Timber House, Switzerland Yurt on Mongolian SteppeSuburban Home, Chicago

53. Key Concepts: Core-Periphery Core (Devoloped) l U.S., Europe, Japan, Australia l Wealthy l Powerful l Control Media and Finance l Technologically advanced Periphery (Less Developed) l Poor l Dependent upon Core countries for: l Education l Technology l Media l Military Equipment l Financing

54. Key Concepts: Core-Periphery

55. All of the possessions of a statistically average U.S. family. Photograph by Peter Menzel. 1994 U.S. Stats Population: 292 million Population density: 29 people per sq. km. Total fertility rate: 2.0 children per woman Population doubling time: 116 years Percentage urban/rural: 78% urban, 22% rural Per capita energy use: 8,148 kg. oil equivalent Infant mortality: 6.7 deaths per 1,000 births Life expectancy: 74 (male), 80 (female) Adult illiteracy: 3% (male), 3% (female) Internet users: 165 million

56. All of the possessions of a statistically average Indian family. Photograph by Peter Menzel. 1994 India Stats Population: 1.0 billion Population density: 318 people per sq. km. Total fertility rate: 3.0 children per woman Population doubling time: 36 years Percentage urban/rural: 28% urban, 72% rural Per capita energy use: 494 kg. oil equivalent Infant mortality: 66 deaths per 1,000 births Life expectancy: 62 (male), 64 (female) Adult illiteracy: 32% (male), 55% (female) Internet users: 7 million

57. All of the possessions of a statistically average Japanese family. Photograph by Peter Menzel. 1994 Japan Stats Population: 128 million Population density: 336 people per sq. km. Total fertility rate: 1.3 children per woman Population doubling time: 289 years Percentage urban/rural: 79% urban, 21% rural Per capita energy use: 4,316 kg. oil equivalent Infant mortality: 3 deaths per 1,000 births Life expectancy: 78 (male), 85 (female) Adult illiteracy: 1% (male), 1% (female) Internet users: 56 million

58. All of the possessions of a statistically average Malian family. Photograph by Peter Menzel. 1994 Mali Stats Population: 12 million Population density: 9.1 people per sq. km. Total fertility rate: 7.0 children per woman Population doubling time: 23 years Percentage urban/rural: 26% urban, 64% rural Per capita energy use: 22 kg. oil equivalent Infant mortality: 118.7 deaths per 1,000 births Life expectancy: 48 (male), 49 (female) Adult illiteracy: 64% (male), 84% (female) Internet users: 30,000

59. Globalization The increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, political, and cultural change. The economic, cultural, and environmental effects of globalization are highly contested. Panama, 1997

60. End of Slides Steamship Routes, Circa 1900

61. End of Slides OneWorld Alliance Direct LAX Flight Map, 2010