1. AP Human Geography Political - Chapter 8
Political Geography
Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces
llhammon Spring 2014

2. Centripetal Centrifugal
UNIFY People
Hold together the social and political fabric of the state.
DIVIDE People
Tear apart the social and political fabric of the state.
How would you classify these events:
Centripetal or Centrifugal?
Can you categorize them? (Political, Economic, Social, etc)
A booming economy
Ethnic conflict
Effective government social welfare programs
September 11th
War
Natural Disaster
A strong and well-liked leader (Have you seen Invictus?)

3. Invictus

4. Centrifugal Forces and Devolution
Movement of power from central government to regional governments within the state.
Why?
Ethnocultural (Czechoslovakia): We aren’t like you.
Economic (Italy): Why should we pay for you?
Spatial (Hawaii?)
Does Devolution = Independence Movement?

5. What is the difference between…
Devolution
The process whereby regions within a state demand and gain political strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government
Balkanization
The process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities.

6. Canada & Quebec

7. U.S.S.R.

8. Former
Yugoslavia

9. The Balkans in 1914
What did this lead to?
Should we be worried today?

11. What would happen if you had Centripetal Forces work beyond the State scale?
What might bring people together beyond state identity?
Think…Economic, Political, Military, Social
Supranational Organizations

12. Why Do States Cooperate and Compete with Each Other?
Political and military cooperation
The United Nations (est. 1945)
Regional military alliances
Balance of power
Post–World War II: NATO or the Warsaw Pact
Other regional organizations
OSEC (est. 1975) – organization on Security and cooperation in Europe
OAS (est. 1962) – Organization of American States
AU (est. 2002) – The African Union
The Commonwealth – United Kingdom and former British colonies
Economic cooperation (EU)

13. Exhibit A: U.N. Members

14. Exhibit “B” Economic and Military Alliances in Cold War Europe
NATO and the European Union have expanded and accepted new members as the Warsaw Pact and COMECON have disintegrated.

16. Internationalism and Supranational Organizations

18. NAFTA

19. Arab League

20. What is The Law of the Sea?
Pacific Ocean
What is The Law of the Sea?
United States (Alaska)
The Convention on the Law of the Sea is an international treaty that sets environmental and commercial terms for use of the world's oceans. It protects the ocean from environmental degradation, establishes guidelines for businesses that depend on the sea for resources, defines maritime zones, and preserves freedom of navigation. 161 nations have signed and ratified this treaty. The United States is virtually alone among industrialized nations in not having done so, though the U.S. has voluntarily abided by the terms of the treaty since 1983.
Arctic Circle
Canada
Arctic Circle
Russia
North Pole
Denmark (Greenland)
Norway
Iceland
Arctic Circle
Finland
Sweden
Atlantic Ocean
Canada
Norway
Unclaimed areas
Denmark
Russia
Internal waters
United States
Iceland
Law of the Sea Treaty

21. National claims to Antarctica
Antarctica is the only large landmass in the world that is not part of a sovereign state. The Antarctica Treaty was signed in 1959.
National claims to Antarctica