1. Diffusion Osmosis Carrier mediated transport Na+/K+ pump

2.  This slide show may have information that you learned in general biology and chemistry but the applications are related to physiology.  Be sure you understand all terms and can apply the concepts to physiological and clinical applications.  Quantitative problems will also be presented from this information and part of unit1, exam 1.

3.  Net diffusion occurs when there is a concentration gradient.  And the membrane is permeable to the diffusing substance

4.  Molecule that are nonpolar can easily pass (O 2, steroids)  Uncharged small molecules (C0 2, urea,ethanol) can also pass  Water can pass because of the molecules small size and lack of net charge. (osmosis)

5.  Glucose is an example  Requires a special carrier protein in the membrane

6.  Na+ and K+ are examples  ION CHANNELS, pores within integral proteins permit passage of these ions.

7.  How does cystic fibrosis relate to diffusion and ion channels???

8.  Requirements:  Membrane must be selectively permeable  Membrane must be relatively impermeable to the solute  There must be a concentration gradient

9.  Hint 1: protein concentration of blood plasma is normally higher that the protein concentration of tissue fluid.  Hint 2: The major protein in blood plasma is albumin  Hint 3: Plasma protein cannot pass from capillaries to tissue fluid.

11.  The force that would have to be exerted to prevent osmosis.  A 0.3 m (molal) glucose solution is  0.3 Osm (osmolalty) or  300 mOsm (milliosmolal) has the same osmotic pressure as plasma

12.  Hint 1: NaCl ionizes  Hint 2: normal saline is.9 grams of NaCl per 100ml, which is.15m)

13.  Hint: This solution is said to be isosmotic to plasma.  How would you make a 5% dextrose solution?