2. Native American homes and the Five Themes of Geography By Sadie Ann Period 9 October 22 nd 2008

3. Introduction Hello everyone! Today, I’ll be discussing and illustrating three different themes of geography and showing you how different Native American groups approached each theme. Enjoy!

4. Human Environmental Interaction Respect of nature is foremost in the belief systems of Native Americans. This not only includes the Earth and environment, but also animals. When Native American Indian clothing was made, they were never wasteful with animal products - they took what they needed and needed what they took. Quills from porcupines, feathers from Eagles, and skins from deer were just some materials used for clothing. Whether it was leather for moccasins, fur, or quills and shells, the animals that gave their lives for human use were to be treated with respect, dignity, and care.

5. The clothing of the Blackfeet was made of the dressed skins of certain animals. Women seldom wore a head covering. Men, however, in winter generally used a cap made of the skin of some small animal, such as the antelope, wolf, badger, or coyote. The skin from the head of these animals often formed part of the cap, the ears being left on, it made a very odd-looking/weird head-dress. Sometimes a cap was made of the skin of some large bird, such as the sage-hen, duck, owl, or swan. The ancient dress of the women was a shirt made of cow skin, with long sleeves tied at the wrist, a skirt reaching half-way from knees to ankles, and leggings tied above the knees, with sometimes a supporting string running from the belt to the leggings. There were no sleeves, the armholes being provided with top coverings, a sort of cape or flap, which reached to the elbows. Leggings were of course still worn. They reached to the knee, and were generally made, as was the gown, of the tanned skins of elk, deer, sheep, or antelope.

6. Blackfeet Indian Fashions Continued Moccasins for winter use were made of buffalo robe, and of tanned buffalo cow skin for summer wear. The latter (shoes) were always made with par fleche soles, which greatly increased their durability, and were often ornamented/decorated over the instep or toes with a three- pronged figure, worked in porcupine quills or beads, the three prongs representing, it is said, the three divisions or tribes of the nation.

7. Blackfeet Indian fashions still Continued The men wore a shirt and leggings which reached to the thighs, and moccasins. In winter both men and women wore a robe of tanned buffalo skin, and sometimes of beaver. In summer a lighter robe was worn, made of cow skin or buckskin, from which the hair had been removed. Both men and women wore belts, which supported and confined the clothing, and to which were attached knife-sheaths and other useful articles. They also wore/made necklaces and other jewelry.

8. Movement Movement is the way in which people move themselves, their products, materials, and information from place to place. Native Americans had a limited amount of ways to travel. With no cars in existence yet, or airplanes, there wasn’t much left to travel buy. Some Native American transportation was canoes, horses, and walking on foot.

9. The Iroquois Indians Sometimes--the Iroquois Indians did use elm-bark or dugout canoes for fishing trips, but usually preferred to travel by land. Originally the Iroquois tribes used dogs as pack animals. (There were no horses in North America until colonists brought them over from Europe.) In wintertime, Iroquois people used laced snowshoes and sleds to travel through the snow.

10. Location is the numerical address of a spot on the planet. The countries around it and where it is on the globe are all part of it’s location too. In the next slide I’ll be discussing the Cherokee Indian’s location.

11. Cherokee The Cherokee Indians were a powerful tribe who firmly held the whole mountain region of the South Alleghenies. They also live in southwest Virginia, western North Carolina and South Carolina, and North Georgia. They also lived in East Tennessee (Cumberland Basin), northwest Alabama, and even claiming to the Ohio River.

12. Citation Sheet Images of Indians of North America Images of Indians of North America http://www.loc.gov./rr/print/coll/232 naov.html http://www.loc.gov./rr/print/coll/232 naov.html Lists of Nations and links to information about each Nation Lists of Nations and links to information about each Nationhttp://nativeamericans.com/IndianNationsA-Z.htm Iroquois’s Location Iroquois’s Location http://wwwbiogorrin.org/iroquois-kids.ht THE END! THE END!