1. Outlining: The Formal Process Organizing Information The logical process of formally organize both textbook and research information

2. Developing an Outline 4 What is an Outline –A logical & general description –An organized summary –An outline reflects logical thinking and clear classification

3. Developing an Outline 4 Why develop an Outline? –Improves comprehension –Helps to organize ideas from the text –Presents your material in a logical form –Constructs an ordered overview of the text –Helps to organize and focus information collected during research

4. Process of Developing an Outline 4 Before you begin: –Preview text & set purpose –Use text analysis to identify how the text is organized –Use section & subsection titles to help you organize your outline

5. Process of Developing an Outline Brainstorm : As you read, try to categorize the information Organize : Group related ideas together. Order : Arrange material from general to specific or from abstract to concrete. Label : Create categories that logically break down the information (General to Specific)

6. Theory of Developing an Outline  Coordination –Items of equal importance have comparable numeral or letter designations: an A is equal to a B, a 1 to a 2, an a to a b, etc. – Coordination is a principle that enables a reader to maintain a coherent and consistent understanding of the text.

7. Theory of Developing an Outline 4 Correct coordination I. Living room A. Electronics B. Furniture C. Lighting II.Bedroom

8. Theory of Developing an Outline 4 Faulty Coordination I. Living Room A. TV B. Furniture C. Lighting II. Dog

9. Theory of Developing an Outline 4 Subordination – In order to indicate levels of significance –Organize information from general to specific or from abstract to concrete –Place general or abstract information in the higher the levels of the outline. –Subdivisions of each higher division should always have the same relationship to the whole.

10. Theory of Developing an Outline 4 Correct Subordination I. Living room A. Electronics 1. TV 2. Radio B. Furniture 1. Couch 2. Armchair

11. Theory of Developing an Outline Faulty subordination I. Living room A. Electronics 1. Entertainment Center 2. Radio B. Furniture 1. Rug 2. Armchair

12. Theory of Developing an Outline Division To divide information you always need at least two parts; therefore, there can never be an A without a B, a 1 without a 2, an a without a b, etc. When dividing information into smaller categories make sure to make the division as sharp and clear as possible.

13. Theory of Developing an Outline 4 Correct Division I. Living room A. Electronics 1. TV 2. Radio B. Furniture 1. Couch 2. Armchair

14. Developing an Outline: Form 4 Most important rule for outlining form is to be consistent! 4 A topic outline uses words or phrases for all entries 4 Uses no punctuation after entries 4 Advantages: –brief overview of work –easier and faster to write

15. Developing an Outline: Form Roman Numeral I. A. B. 1. 2. a. b. II. Capital Letters Regular Numbers Lower Case Letters

16. Outlining: General to Specific Subject: I. Subtopic A. Supporting Detail 1. Specific Example a. Specific Detail b. Specific Detail 2. Specific Example B. Supporting Detail 1. Specific Example 2. Specific Example II. Subtopic

17. Outlining Example-General to Specific Subject: Trees Many Trees can be used for landscaping I. Trees best suited for cold climates A. Hardy evergreens provide year-round color 1.Norway Pine… a.Likes cold weather b.Grows between 45-65 feet 2.Scotch Pine… B.Maples hold up well and have brilliant color 1.Red Maple 2.Silver Maple II. Trees better suited for warm climates

18. Guidelines for Outlining 4 Divide your subject into subtopics –Identify each main idea with a Roman numeral –Let the book help you Use the sub-section titles to help you Do not over-complicate the process

19. Guidelines for Outlining 4 Divide the subtopics into supporting details –Identify each supporting detail with a capital letter –Indent each supporting detail 4 As you continue to find more specific information continue to follow the outlining model to further breakdown and organize the information