1. Grab your clicker Take out your Chapter 12 Notes Guide Take out your writing utensil

2. February 9, 2012

3. Today we are learning how the Mongols created the world’s largest land empire.

4. *Mongols lived north of China in Mongolia *Tribes raised sheep, cattle, goats, and horses

5. *Steppes – wide rolling grassy plains *Known for: Ability to ride horses Ability to wage war

6. *Temujin – “blacksmith” *1206 – Mongol leaders meet in the Gobi desert and elect Temujin; aka: Genghis Khan

7. *Genghis Khan – “strong ruler” Achievements: *Brought together Mongol laws *Set up a group of tribal chiefs to help w/ military campaigns.

8. Army – more than 100k soldiers *Job specialization: placed into well trained groups *Officers chosen on a merit system *Empire building – began with other people on the steppes.

9. *1211- invaded China *Terror – violent actions meant to scare people into surrendering *Mongols become known for violence & terror which lead to surrendering.

10. *1227- Genghis Khan dies. *Empire divided among 4 sons 1258 – Baghdad falls under Mongol control 1260- stopped from advancing past Egypt by Muslims.

11. *Peace = trade. *Mongols taxed products entering trade routes that lay in their territory. (Silk Rd.) *Adopted beliefs and customs of those they conquered. (shows respect) *Accepted Islam

12. Chinese taught them: *Gunpowder – used as an explosive *Fire lance - used gunpowder Made them even scarier!!!

13. *Kublai Khan – Genghis’ grandson *1264 – capital moved from Karakorum to Khanbaliq *Khanbaliq = present day Beijing *1271 – Khan decided to be emperor of China

14. *Within 10 yrs, Mongols conquered China – no more Song dynasty. *Kublai Khan started the Yuan dynasty “beginning” *Showed the Mongols wanted to rule China for a long time! *Lasted 100 years

15. *Kublai ruled for 30 years. *Knew to keep Chinese scholar-officials in charge of the gov. Khanbaliq – became known for its wide streets, beautiful palaces, and fine homes!

16. Differences: *Language *Laws *Customs *Mongol rulers did not mix w/ Chinese people *Buddhist *Tolerant of other religions *Kublai Khan invited Christians, Muslims, and Hindus to practice their faiths in China Similarities :

17. *European traveler Came from Venice, Italy *Kublai Khan loved his stories & sent him on fact-finding trips. (For 16 Years!!!) *Polo returned to Europe & wrote books.

18. Imports- *silver, *spices, *carpets, *cotton Exports – *tea, *silk, *porcelain

19. *Mongols conquered Vietnam and N. Korea *Koreans forced to build warships *Koryo = the leaders in Korea *Used to invade Japan