1. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.

2. Examples Statistics Testimony

3. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Specific case to illustrate idea

4. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Brief Extended Hypothetical

5. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Specific case referred to in passing to illustrate point

6. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Story, narrative, anecdote developed at length to illustrate point

7. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Example describing fictitious situation

8. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Clarify ideas Reinforce ideas Personalize ideas Make vivid, richly textured Practice delivery to enhance

9. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Mean Median Mode

10. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Average value of group of numbers

11. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Middle figure in group once figures are ordered highest to lowest

12. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Number occurring most frequently in group

13. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Use to quantify ideas Use sparingly Identify sources Explain thoroughly Round off Use visual aids if needed

14. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Quotations or paraphrases used to support point

15. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Testimony from recognized experts

16. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience, insight

17. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Testimony presented word for word

18. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Distorting statement by removing words, phrases around it

19. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Restating source’s ideas in own words

20. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Quote, paraphrase accurately Use qualified sources Use unbiased sources Identify sources

21. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. Name of document Author, sponsoring organization Qualifications Date

22. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved. “Kenneth Chang, science reporter for The New York Times, reported in the paper’s March 13, 2011, issue that the recent quake in Japan widened the country by 13 feet. It also tilted the earth’s axis and shortened the day by a couple millionths of a second.”

23. The McGraw-Hill Companies ∙ The Art of Public Speaking, 11th Edition © 2012 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.