3. By: Dr. Mohammed Golam Rasul

4. What is DNA? DNA is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses. DNA is made up of repeating molecules called NUCLEOTIDE.

5. Why is DNA so Important? DNA contains the genetic information used in the development and functioning of all living things and some viruses. DNA is like blueprints, instructions, or a code for making proteins. DNA’s codes are converted/changed into messages (mRNA) for ribosomes to read and then make proteins. Proteins do most of the hard work of keeping us alive

6. The Structure of DNA Nucleotide monomers: Phosphate Pentose Sugar (C5) – Deoxyribose Sugar Organic Nitrogen Base : Cytosine (C) Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Thymine (T)

7. Structure of DNA cont’ Polynucleotide chain with linkage via phosphates to next sugar, with nitrogen base away from backbone of Phos-sugar-phos-sugar Dehydration synthesis

8. DNA is a Double-Helix

9. What is RNA? RNA is a biologically important type of molecule that consists of a long chain of nucleotide units.

10. What is the job of RNA? To assist in the synthesis of proteins.

11. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Structure of RNA Nucleotide monomer Phosphate Pentose sugar = ribose (extra oxygen) Nitrogenous base (A/G/C/U) Single stranded 3 types (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA)

12. Types of RNA 1) messenger RNA (mRNA)- carries instructions from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome

13. Types of RNA 2) ribosomal RNA (rRNA)- combines with proteins to form the ribosome (proteins made here) 3) transfer RNA (tRNA)- transfers each amino acid to the ribosome as it is specified by coded messages in mRNA during the construction of a protein

14. Why is mRNA Important? DNA is too big and CAN’T leave the nucleus…it must send messages. mRNA is created by DNA in the nucleus mRNA contains the messages from the DNA and are sent to ribosomes for them to read the instructions for making proteins

15. Why is mRNA Important? DNA is too big and CAN’T leave the nucleus…it must send messages. mRNA is created by DNA in the nucleus mRNA contains the messages from the DNA and are sent to ribosomes for them to read the instructions for making proteins

16. Ribonucleotides have a 2’-OH Deoxyribonucleotides have a 2’-H Chemical Structure of DNA vs RNA

17. DNARNA StructureDouble Stranded Single Stranded Bases- PurinesAdenine (A) Guanine (G) Bases - Pyrimidines Cytosine (C) Thymine (T)Uracil (U) SugarDeoxyriboseRibose Differences between DNA and RNA: