1. The Roman Legacy Week 1, Lecture 2

2. Questions What was the relationship between the Eastern and Western Roman Empire? What did the decline/fall of the Roman Empire mean for the Christian religion? Which Roman traditions did the Eastern Roman Empire (or Byzantine Empire) inherit?

3. Third Century “Crisis” Invasions, epidemic, famine, political unrest, “barracks emperors” “Those in the midst of calamities often say that wars and famines occur due to the great number of Christians.” –Origen, Christian philosopher

5. The Tetrarchy DIOCLETIAN (r. 284-305): augustus of the East Galerius: caesar of the East “Jovians” Maximian: augustus of the West Constantius: caesar of the West “Heraclians” Image: The Four Tetrarchs. Porphyry statue, c. 305 CE The Great Persecution: a “failed” persecution, 305-311

6. CONSTANTINE (r. 306-337) 313—Edict of Milan grants toleration to Christians. Does not illegalize polytheism. Defeated fellow “tetrarchs” and ruled solo, based in his new capitol city, Constantinople Program of church-building in Rome, Constantinople, Jerusalem After C, all Roman emperors except one are Christians. General pattern: one ruler in the West, one in the East.

7. Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem Constantine’s program of church-building, Rome, Constantinople, Jerusalem

8. Empire split after death of Theodosius I, 395 Pre-existing langauge split: Latin/Greek East comparatively more urban and more densely Christian Pagans = peasants

10. Augustine, City of God Grappling with scars left by sack of Rome by the Visigoths, 410 Trying to understand how God works in history, and whether what happens on earth has to do with divine law “Un-linked” heaven and earth

11. SPOILERS!! The Goths were Christians Wulfila

12. I’m not sure why this map-maker decided to label the Eastern Roman/Byzantine Empire as “Romania,” but that’s what that is.

13. Theological Disputes from the Byzantine Empire Image: Floor mosaic of Mary as Theotokos, Church of Panagia Angeloktisti, Cyprus. 6 th cen. Nestorians: Constantinople, 5 th cen. Jesus has two natures, human and divine, and two persons. Calling Mary the “God- bearer” is inappropriate. Monophysites: Egypt, 5 th cen. Jesus has one nature (divine)i n one person (human) Diophysites: What comes to be known as the “Chalcedonian Orthodox” position. Jesus has two natures (human and dvine) integrated in one person (human). Council of Chalcedon, 451 Support of Latin West

14. Justinian and Theodora Mosaic portraits from San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy. Completed c. 546-48 r. 527-565r. 527-548

16. Church of Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) Dedicated Dec. 27, 527 Shows multicultural influence Combines basilica with dome