1. Belle II and LHCb upgrade BAW @ IITBBS Dec 14-21, 2015 Gagan Mohanty TIFR, Mumbai

2. Landscape of flavor physics 2 CP violation Mixing Semi-leptonic decays Hadronic penguins Pure leptonic decays New resonances B0B0 BB BcBc D0D0 DD DsDs bb Tree decays Lifetime BsBs SM/CKMNew Physics Production    Radiative penguins K0K0    LFV KK Electroweak penguins

3. Story of the standard model 1975:  lepton 1983: W and Z 1964: CPV in K Energy frontier Luminosity frontier 2007: D 0 -mixing 1974: J/  (c quark) 1977:  (b quark) 1987: B 0 -mixing Next target is discovery of new physics Both are equally important 2012: Higgs 1995: t quark 2004: Direct CPV 2001: CPV in B 3

4. Two approaches to NP Mass hierarchy Dark matter Baryogenesis Grand unification Neutrino mass There must be New Physics @ TeV scale !! But, or what? Super- symmetry ? Super- symmetry ? Extra- dimension ? Composite Higgs ? Composite Higgs ? SM is incomplete Direct Search LHC, ILC Flavor physics: key to identify the theory B B D D K K     … Future flavor physics facilities 4

5. pp  ~ g ~ q ~ ~ qll q _ Direct production by NP particles b s  q ~ Virtual effects in quantum loop Tunnel effect Energy vs. luminosity frontier Energy frontier Luminosity frontier  ~ Off-diagonal terms Diagonal terms Higher energy scale can be probed (even if LHC finds no NP) 5

6. Unique at SuperKEKB,  /c Unique at SuperKEKB,  /c Unique feature ! Flavor provides a NP treasure chest Flavor provides a NP treasure chest Competitive & complementary Super B factory LHCb K experiments G. Isidori et al., Ann.Rev.Nucl.Part.Sci. 60, 355 (2010) + report by B.Golob  Super  /c factory   e conv. 10 -(14-18)  facility  (g-2) 0.14 ppm  facility  facility vs. energy frontier experiments among flavor experiments Variety of measurements ! 6

7. Few hints & prospects B  D (*)  B  K (*) l + l  Theoretical calculations using V ub,  m d,  K Direct measurement CKM unitarity triangle Large D-mixing New CPV phase Charged Higgs search  g-2  LFV decays           3.9  ~3  2.6  ~3  7

8. e + e  colliding machines 40 times higher luminosity 8x10 35 KEKB SuperKEKB STCF BEPC II Coherent MM Clean environment  Missing ’s  Inclusive Coherent MM Clean environment  Missing ’s  Inclusive _ 8

9. Strategy for high luminosity Increase beam current, I Larger beam-beam par,  y Smaller  * y Lorentz factor Classical electron radius Beam size ratio Geometrical reduction factors due to crossing angle and hour-glass effect Nano-beam scheme Invented by Pantaleo Raimondi for SuperB Adopted by SuperKEKB and  /c Factories (+low emmittance) 9

10. Nano-beam scheme KEKB SuperKEKB 5mm 1m1m 100  m (w/o crab) L Hourglass condition: β y * >~ L=  x /  Half crossing angle:  1m1m 5mm 100  m ~50nm 83mrad 22mrad 10

11. e- 2.3 A e+ 4.0 A x 40 gain in luminosity SuperKEKB Colliding bunches Damping ring Low emittance gun Positron source New beam pipe & bellows Belle II New IR TiN-coated beam pipe with antechambers Add / modify RF systems for higher beam current New positron target / capture section New superconducting /permanent final focusing quads near the IP Low emittance electrons to inject Low emittance positrons to inject L=8·10 35 s -1 cm -2 Redesign the lattices of HER & LER to squeeze the emittance Replace short dipoles with longer ones (LER) 11

12. parameters KEKB (@record) SuperKEKB units LERHERLERHER Beam energy EbEb 3.5847 GeV Half crossing angle φ1141.5 mrad # of Bunches N15842500 Emittance Horizontal εxεx 18243.24.6 nm Emittance ratio κ 0.880.66 0.270.28 % Beta functions at IP β x * /β y * 1200/5.932/0.2725/0.30 mm Beam currents IbIb 1.641.193.62.6 A beam-beam param. ξyξy 0.1290.090 0.08810.0807 Bunch Length zz 6.0 5.0 mm Horizontal Beam Size xx 150 1011 um Vertical Beam Size yy 0.94 0.0480.059 um Luminosity L2.1 x 10 34 8 x 10 35 cm -2 s -1 Machine parameters 12

13. SuperKEKB construction HER wiggler magnets RF System (added/modified) Damping ring tunnel: built! Vacuum/Beam pipe Linac RF gun ~All components needed for commissioning installed (buried now) - Installation ~completed - Alignment & power-on test ongoing - Installartion ~completed - NEG activation ongoing Magnet System Startup tuning 13

14. Luminosity projection Goal of Belle II/SuperKEKB 9 months/year 20 days/month Commissioning starts early 2016. Full Physics 2018 Integrated luminosity (ab -1 ) Peak luminosity (cm -2 s -1 ) Calendar Year Assumes full operation funding profile. Assumes KEKB Luminosity learning curve x 80 Shut- down 14

15. Detector upgrade Construction In progress Construction In progress BKLM EKLM TOP: Module 08 now CDC 15

16. Comparison of LHCb & Belle II B2TiP (Belle II Theory interface Platform) 33 J/  Ks CPV  Ks CPV     CPV A CP  K S   ) (Some examples) Competitive and complementary Also there are modes unique to LHCb / Belle II ! Currently Belle ~ LHCb  Belle II better stat. precision LHCb is better  Belle II will catch up Precision measurements: Systematics are key! 16

17. LHCb upgrade Flavor physics experiment at LHC Forward single-arm spectrometer (covers 40% of b cross section)  b ~ 75  b @7 TeV in acceptance (~proportional to s ),  c ~ 20 x  b Successful results on B, B s, B c,  b, charm (HF incl. hadron phys.) (1) 17

18. LHCb upgrade Lum. leveling Collect 5-8/fb Collect ~15/fb 3/fb Upgrade  Luminosity is not limited by Acc. Detector upgrade  Lum. up 1MHz  40MHz readout w/ fully software-based trigger  replace all FE electronics and new computer farm Sub-detectors upgrade silicon detectors 4x10 32 (2xdesign)  2 x 10 33 /cm 2 s Total ~25/fb at end of Run 3 (2) (50/fb by 2030) 18

19. LHCb upgrade microstrip  pixel (VeLoPix) 55 x 55  m 2 - Readout: CMOS130nm technology OK for ~400Mrad - Enlarge acceptance: detector edge closer to beam  VELO (Vertex Locator)  Upstream Tracker Silicon strip  Silicon strip Finer segmentations, Rad. hard Larger acceptance strip Length pitch (3) 19

20. Identification of NP with flavor B(b) + D(c) + K(s) +  + LHC … “DNA chip of New Physics” S(  K 0 ) S(K*  ) 50 ab −1 D.Hitlin / NP models 20

21.  SuperKEKB is under construction (sole SBF in world)  LHCb plans upgrade: competition/complementary  Super  /charm factory: BINP, China “plan” option: Super  factory  e + e  : clean environment, pure (tagged) mesons  SuperKEKB is under construction (sole SBF in world)  LHCb plans upgrade: competition/complementary  Super  /charm factory: BINP, China “plan” option: Super  factory  e + e  : clean environment, pure (tagged) mesons Summary Flavor physics: important/complementary driving force with energy frontier in HEP: past (SM)  future (NP)  Super flavor facilities will take such role in searching and establishing NP in various ways Flavor physics: important/complementary driving force with energy frontier in HEP: past (SM)  future (NP)  Super flavor facilities will take such role in searching and establishing NP in various ways Hope to discover NP in near future either/both in flavor physics and energy frontier experiments 21

22. Additional slides

23. SuperKEKB master schedule SuperKEKB ops. Phase 1 Phase 2, 3 DR (About 10 years) Belle II roll in QCS installation Phase 2 commissioning ： - Squeezing beta at IP - Beam collision tuning - Start physics data take Phase 3 ： - Full Physics run with VXD..JFY2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 … Now (Aug, 2015) Startup, condition- ing, etc. KEKB Run KEKB Run SuperKEKB Construction DR commissioning starts prior to Phase 2. Phase 1 commissioning ： - Basic machine tuning - Low emittance beam tuning - Vacuum scrabbing KEKB Ring disassembling 23

24. Crab waist Large Piwinski’s angle (  z /  x ∙  ) Suppress betatron res. (sextupoles in phase) Large Piwinski’s angle (  z /  x ∙  ) Suppress betatron res. (sextupoles in phase) 24

25.  physics: LFV decays  LFV decays LFV = clear evidence of NP STCF has advantage in background suppression polarization. ex)    25