1. XLVth Rencontres de Moriond Status of the T2K experiment K. Matsuoka (Kyoto Univ.) for the T2K collaboration Contents Physics motivations (neutrino oscillation) Concept of the T2K experiment Beam commissioning results

2. The T2K (Tokai-to-Kamioka) experiment  Search for   e ( e appearance)  Precise measurement of   x (  disappearance) Tokai Kamioka 295 km Super-K ( * 2) 50-kt water cherenkov * 1 Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex * 2 The Super-KAMIOKANDE detector. See Yamada-san’s talk J-PARC ( * 1) 30-GeV 750-kW proton beam 2.5˚  beam  beam TokaiKamioka 2

3. T2K collaboration 12 countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, Poland, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, USA) ~500 collaborators from 62 institutions 3

4. Neutrino oscillation Neutrino changes its flavor while propagating in vacuum/matter.  Neutrinos have masses = Evidence for physics beyond the Std. Model. 4 m1m1 m3m3m3m3 m3m3m3m3 m2m2 Mass eigenstates Flavor eigenstates e   Mass hierarchy (m 1 < m 2 < m 3 or m 3 < m 1 < m 2 )? Size of the mixing angle  13 ? Size of the CP phase  ? … Ability to measure CP violation depends on sin  13.  Important to measure  13. Solar & reactor Atmospheric & accelerator Reactor & accelerator  23 = 37˚ ~ 45˚  m 23 2 ≈ 2.4 x 10 –3 eV 2  12 ≈ 34.4˚±1.3˚  m 12 2 ≈ 8 x 10 –5 eV 2  13 < 10˚ by CHOOZ

5. Concept of T2K  Probability of   x (  23,  m 23 2 )  Probability of   e (  13 ) CC-QE ( * ) events to measure E Off-axis beam configuration Adjust E to ones around the oscillation max. Reduce high energy s’ B.G. from non CC-QE. High statistics J-PARC + Super-K + off-axis beam Expected event rate in Super-K: ~700 CC interactions (for 750 kW x 10 7 sec) Far-to-near flux extrapolation Measure flux, energy and flavor both at the near (ND280) and the far (Super-K) detectors. 5 < 0.13~0.5  m 32 2 = 2.8 x 10 –3 eV 2 L = 295 km Probability sin 2 2  m2m2m2m2 * CC-QE: Charged Current Quasi-Elastic     Off-axis beam 295 km l p l ll CC-QE

6. Measurement of   x 6 R(Far/Near) Extrapolation by MC which is experimentally verified by NA61 ( * ) Accurate prediction of N null is important to measure  23 and  m 32 2 precisely. N null = R x  ND x  water Uncertainty is reduced by ND280 for  ND and  water Beam monitoring for R * See Nicolas’ talk MC P(   x ) sin 2 2  = 1.0  m 2 = 2.7 x 10 –3 eV 2 sin 2 2  m2m2m2m2 0 m~280 m295 km Target ND280Super-K MC  ND Measurement by ND280 MC (8.3 x 10 21 POT @ 30 GeV) N obs Measurement by Super-K

7. Search for   e e signal 1-ring e-like event (CC-QE) Background Beam e contamination (~0.4% of  at  spectrum peak energy) Mis-reconstructed NC ( * 1)  0 event (*2) (mainly from high E s  reduced by the off-axis beam) 7 00 CC-QE mis-PID probability: ~1% * 1 NC: Neutral Current * 2 See Joshua’s talk  N N  00   Expected num. of events in 0.35-0.85 GeV (sin 2 2  13 < 0.13 by CHOOZ)  Super-K event display Sharp edge e Fussy ring MC N obs Measurement by Super-K

8. T2K sensitivity 8 30 GeV, 8.3 x 10 21 POT,  CP = 0  (sin 2 2  23 ) ≈ 0.01,  (  m 23 2 ) < 10 –4 eV 2 M.Diwan, Venice, Mar.2009 > 10 times CHOOZ excluded 0.0060 @  m 23 2 = 2.4 x 10 –3 eV 2 (for a 10% sys. error)

9. T2K neutrino beam High power beam Beam loss has to be held as low as possible. Shift of the proton beam on the target makes a shift of the beam direction.  Necessary to tune and monitor the proton beam. Off-axis beam configuration E spectrum peak shifts according to the  beam direction (  E peak = 2%/mrad).  Necessary to tune and monitor the beam direction precisely (w/in 1 mrad). 9 Target & horns p    Super-K 2.5˚ ND280 0118 m~280 m Beam dump  monitor INGRID Top view ( beamline) INGRID ND280 Beam dump  monitor Target & horns Main Ring Slope: ~40 Side view

10. Beam commissioning Purpose Check all components (the magnets, beam monitors, horns, DAQ, etc.) work as expected. Tune the proton beam orbit and the pos./size at the target. Tune the beam direction by the muon monitor and INGRID. Establish operation of the detectors (ND280 and Super-K).  e appearance search started. 10 Construction Beam commissioning Horn 2, 3 installation Jun. Nov. Beam commissioning e search 1 st horn onlyFull horn setup ~1 kW~20 kW~100 kW On-axis detector (INGRID) Super-K Off-axis detector (ND280) Apr. 2009 Jan. 2010 Summer 2010

11. Proton beam monitors Proton beam orbit was tuned by using the proton beam monitors. Deviation of the orbit from the beam line is less than 1 mm. The beam loss is enough small. Proton beam hits the center of the target. 11 CT (intensity) x 5 ESM (position) x 21 SSEM (profile) x 19 OTR (position & profile) @ target Beam loss monitor x 50 Horizontal beam orbit Before tuning After tuning MR extractionTarget OTR x = –0.5 mm ±1 mm

12. Muon monitor Monitor the neutrino beam flux and direction on a shot-by-shot basis by measuring the muon profile. Measures ionization yield by muons at each sensor to reconstruct the profile. Beam direction is a direction from the target to the profile center.  beam 7 x 7 Si PIN photodiodes 7 x 7 ionization chambers 12 Silicon x slice Required precision of the profile center: Better than 11.8 cm (= 1 mrad)  3 cm No time dependent drift. Further beam tuning was ongoing at this time. Muon monitor measures the beam direction stably w/ a precision much better than 1 mrad. Silicon PIN photodiodes ±1 mrad 25 min. RMS 2.9 mm RMS 1.8 mm

13. Neutrino beam monitor (INGRID) Monitor the neutrino beam flux and direction w/ ~1-day statistics by measuring the on-axis neutrino profile. Counts neutrino (CC-QE) events in each module to reconstruct the profile. 13 beam 7 + 7 modules Required precision of the profile center: Better than 28.0 cm (= 1 mrad)  5 cm Horizontal modules Inc. events out- side the modules events inside the modules Event rate of each module for 7.3 x 10 15 POT Dec. 25, 2009 Fe + scintillator 1 m   like 1 st event (Nov. 22, 2009) Side view

14. Neutrino event in ND280 Measure  ND and  P0D:  0 Detector  NC  0 rate TPC: Time Projection Chamber  PID (dE/dx) Magnetic field 0.2 T p l FGD: Fine Grain Detector   l ECAL: Electromagnetic CALorimeter SMRD: Side Muon Range Detector 14 UA1 magnet yoke & SMRD ECALs TPCs FGDs Magnet coils P0D 7.0 m 3.5 m 3.6 m 0.2 T 01:57 JST, Feb. 5, 2010 P0D TPC1TPC2TPC3 FGD1FGD2DSECAL beam beam Magnet on (0.188 T) Detected the neutrino event w/ the full setup. Calibration of the detectors is ongoing. beam Magnet (open)

15. T2K 1 st neutrino event in Super-K 15 06:00 JST, Feb. 24, 2010 1 st ring 2 nd ring 3 rd ring [ 1 st ring + 2 nd ring ] Invariant mass: 133.8 MeV/c 2 (close to  0 mass) Momentum: 148.3 MeV/c

16. Summary Neutrino oscillation is physics beyond the Std. Model. The T2K long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment started searching for the e appearance. The beam commissioning succeeded; all the components are working as expected. The beam direction can be measured precisely by the muon monitor. The beam line parameters have been fixed. 100 kW x 10 7 sec data will be accumulated in 2010. First physics result is expected around summer 2010. 16

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18. Supplement 18

19. J-PARC Jul. 16, 2009 LINAC RCS Main Ring TS ND280 Super-K Muon monitor Beam dump 19

20. Near detectors (ND280) Measure beam energy spectrum, flux, flavor and interaction x- sec before the oscillation. Fine Grain Detectors (FGDs) measure neutrino vertices. Scintillator bars (FGD1), scintillator bars + water (FGD2) TPCs measure p  to reconstruct E spectrum and dE/dx for particle ID. MicroMegas w/ Ar/iC 4 H 10 /CF 4 (95/2/3) gas mixture Side Muon Range Detector (SMRD) measures the range of . Scintillator planes btw the yokes  0 detector (P0D) measures the rate of NC-  0 production. Scintillator bars + lead foil/water ECALs measure electrons from FGD and  -rays from  0. Scintillator bars + lead foil UA1 magnet yoke & SMRD ECALs TPCs FGDs Magnet coils P0D 7.0 m 3.5 m 3.6 m 0.2 T Extrapolate the energy spectrum and flux to Super-K. 20

21. 1 st neutrino event in ND280 P0D(TPC1)TPC2TPC3 FGD1FGD2 07:40 JST, Dec. 19, 2009 DSECAL TPC1 was not taking data beam beam Interaction inside P0D, with tracks through all central detectors. 21 Magnet off

22. Super-KAMIOKANDE detector 22 50-kton water Cherenkov detector (fiducial volume: 22.5 kt). ~11,000 20-inch PMTs (inner detector). Good e-like (shower ring) / μ-like separation. CC-QE mis-PID probability: ~1%  E ~ 80 MeV (~10%) limited by Fermi motion, δE scale ~ 2%. New electronics & DAQ has been stably running since summer 2008.  Improvement of decay-e tagging efficiency. Real-time transfer of T2K beam spill information. → Trigger of T2K event. Inelastic CC-QE  ~ 80 MeV

23. Sensitivity to  m 23 and  23 30 GeV, 8.3 x 10 21 POT  (sin 2 2  23 ) ≈ 0.01,  (  m 23 2 ) < 10 –4 eV 2 M.Diwan, Venice, Mar.2009 23

24. Sensitivity to  m 23 and  23 24 100 kW x 1 x 10 7 sec Counts / 100 MeV E rec (GeV) Null oscillation case Oscillation case sin 2 2  23 = 1.0  m 23 2 = 2.4 x 10 –3 eV 2   (sin 2 2  23 ) ≈ 0.1,  (  m 23 2 ) ≈ 4 x 10 –4 eV 2 (90% CL) (Statistical error only)

25. T2K sensitivity to  13 30 GeV, 8.3 x 10 21 POT  CP = 0 25 0.0060 @  m 23 2 = 2.4 x 10 –3 eV 2 (for a 10% sys. error) > 10 times CHOOZ excluded

26. T2K sensitivity to  13 30 GeV, 8.3 x 10 21 POT  m 23 2 = 2.4 x 10 –3 eV 2 26

27. T2K sensitivity to  13 27 x 10 7 sec 100 kW x 1 x 10 7 sec

28. Neutrino interactions 28 CC 1  NC CC-QE CC-m  CC-1   p n  00   CC-QE  p n  NC  N N’ 

29. Seek for the neutrino CP-violation Atmospheric Solar CPV CP-violating CP-conserving Interference G F : Fermi coupling constant N e : electron number density For   e,   –  and x  –x. P(   e ) ≠ P(   e ). 29

30. Performance of the beam monitors All the beam monitors worked as expected. OTR: Ti target @ 50 kW Muon monitor (4.5 x 10 12 ppb, 3 horns 320 kA) SiliconChamber SSEM 02X @ 50 kW Measurement stability (RMS) during a 20-kW continuous operation (inc. the beam stability) 30

31. Beam loss 31 Beam loss @ 50 kW SSSEMs in the beamline SSEM out of the beamline Always w/ SSEM Beam loss monitor # Estimated beam loss by the SSEM @ 50 kW: 50 kW x (5 x 10 –5 ) = 2.5 W When SSEMs are out of the beamline, the loss becomes less than 1/5. Beam loss monitor x 50 Ionization chamber (Ar + CO 2 )

32. Horn focusing Muon monitor confirmed the horn focusing. 32 peaksigmapeaksigma 1551±3 pC82±0.4 cm38.5±0.1 pC90±0.8 cm 467±0.5 pC95±0.3 cm13.2±0.1 pC103±3 cm 219±0.5 pC109±1 cm6.3±0.1 pC125±11 cm x2.1 x7.1 3 horns 320 kA 1 st horn 275 kA No horn 0 kA 3 horns 320 kA 1 st horn 275 kA No horn 0 kA Silicon PIN photodiodesIonization chambers

33. Performance of the muon monitor Muon monitor measured the muon profile center during 25-min continuous operation w/ 3 horns @ 320 kA (beam power: 18 kW). 33 Silicon PIN photodiodes RMS 2.9 mm Estimated intrinsic uncertainty of the muon monitor (silicon) is 1.4 mm in RMS. No time dependent drift. Further beam tuning is ongoing. Muon monitor measures the beam direction stably w/ a precision much better than 1 mrad. Silicon PIN photodiodes ±1 mrad 25 min.

34. Muon flux stability (spill-by-spill) Stability of the muon flux (total charge from the muon monitor) inc. stability of the horn magnetic field and the muon monitor. Estimated intrinsic uncertainty of the muon monitor (silicon) is 0.07% in RMS. No time dependent drift RMS/Mean: 0.8% Muon monitor worked stably and precisely measured the stability of the muon flux, or the neutrino flux. 25 min. 34

35. Performance of INGRID Event rate of each module for 7.3 x 10 15 POT Statistics was small at this time. Tuning of the beam direction w/ INGRID is ongoing. 35 Vertical modulesHorizontal modules Inc. events out- side the modules events inside the modules Dec. 25, 2009