1. Rise of Hitler Nationalism Militarism Appeasement Anti- communism Economic depression Japanese expansionism Rise of fascism in Italy Treaty of Versailles Major Causes of World War II

2. Treaty of Versailles After WWI, the Allies dealt with territory changes, guilt & reparations, military restrictions, and the League of Nations. Germany was forced to accept blame for the war and pay millions to Britain and France, creating bitter feelings. Italy was disappointed that it was denied territory promised by Britain and France. U.S. President Wilson French Prime Minister Clemenceau Italian Prime Minister Orlando British Prime Minister George 1914 1919

3. The Rise of Fascism in Italy Fascism is a totalitarian form of government which: Glorifies the state Has one leader & one party All aspects of society are controlled by government No opposition or protests are tolerated Propaganda & censorship are widely practiced Benito Mussolini came to power in 1922 and helped create fascism. He sided with Axis powers in 1940.

4. Japanese Expansionism In 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria for raw materials. That same year, Japan began to attack China, with the Sino-Japanese War breaking out in 1937. The Japanese committed terrible atrocities in China, including the infamous “Rape of Nanking”.

5. Worldwide Economic Depression After WWI many European economies were unstable. The boom in the U.S. during the 1920s helped world trade. The 1929 U.S. stock market crash & Great Depression spread throughout the world. As economies failed, many people turned to powerful leaders & governments that promised success through military conquest of territory. German breadlines Japanese children eating radish roots during famine

6. Anti-Communism Under communism, the government controls all means of production, all property, and all media outlets. The 1930s saw the rise of many totalitarian regimes; but most people chose fascism over communism. Hitler exploited people’s fear of a communist takeover in Germany to help his rise to power in 1933. A Battle for Germany: Nazi anti-communist book from 1933

7. Appeasement Appeasement is giving in to an enemy’s demands to avoid further conflict. In 1938, Hitler demanded that Czechoslovakia give the Sudetenland to Germany. He claimed that Germans living there were being mistreated. Without consulting Czechoslovakian leaders, the British and French prime ministers agreed to Hitler’s demands, hoping to avoid a war in Europe.

8. Militarism When a nation strengthens its military & stockpiles weapons to prepare for war. The glorification of war is worked into all levels of society, including education of the nation’s youth. Militaristic societies have existed throughout human history. Ancient Sparta is an example of a militaristic society Hitler Youth group

9. Nationalism Nationalism is the belief in the superiority of one’s own nation over all others. In the extreme, it can lead to major conflicts between nations. Hitler, Mussolini, and Japan’s Tojo each boasted their nation’s ability to dominate all others in the years leading up to WWII. Nazi flag, Italian fascist logo, Japanese flag

10. In Germany, economic depression & unemployment led to a dramatic increase in votes for Hitler and the Nazi Party. Election dateVotes in millions Share May 20, 19280.812.6% September 14, 19306.4118.3% July 31, 193213.7537.3% November 6, 193211.7433.1% March 5, 193317.2843.9% Voting for Hitler’s party increased as unemployment rates rose