1. AP Human Geography Pick up the article to read on the way in. You can write on it, and I may pick it up for a grade.

2. Introduction to International Migration

3. United States- A Nation of Immigrants

4. Emigrant vs. Immigrant Emigrant- Someone exiting a country Immigrant- Someone coming into a country

5. Unforced/Voluntary Migration Migration that is not forced. Generally based on a desire to improve economically and have more opportunities

6. Push Factors War/violence (most powerful reason) Poverty (most common reason) Persecution—when you are treated unfairly for something. Can be: –Religious persecution –Ethnic persecution –Political persecution

7. Poverty and Unemployment  Most common push factor  Main reason people migrated from Latin America to the USA over the last 3 decades

8. Pull Factors Good economy/jobs –(Most common) Freedom –Political –Religious –Ethnic Peace –(Most powerful) Stability

9. Push Factors

11. Immigration Barriers Obstacles that stop or slow immigration Can be quota laws Can also be physical barriers, like mountain ranges, oceans, or inhospitable land Emotional barriers?

12. Man-made barriers Barriers can also be man-made, like walls Examples –Wall along border between U.S. and Mexico –Wall between Palestinians and Israelis –Berlin Wall between East and West Berlin during the Cold War

13. Palestinian-Israeli Wall

14. Berlin Wall

15. World Immigration—Where are people leaving? Going to?

16. Most people leave LDC’s, go to MDC’s (remember, most common push factor is economic) Some people immigrate to neighboring countries, even if they are poor, to avoid conflict.

17. Transportation Important part of infrastructure, allows people to relocate easily Examples –Manifest Destiny—The railroad allowed people to move west –Trains in India, Mexico

18. Natural Resources Can cause voluntary migration Areas with valuable resources, like petroleum and uranium, attract miners and engineers –Ex. Saudi Arabia, the Gulf Coast of the U.S.

19. The UAE is very close to Saudi Arabia. How does that explain the UAE’s population pyramid?

20. Forced Migration Migration where the migrant has to leave to survive Ex.—Atlantic Slave Trade (17 th -19 th century) Europeans captured millions of Africans and shipped them to the Americas (mainly Caribbean and Brazil)

21. Forced Migration Armed Conflict and Civil War South Asia—1940’s partition (division) of India into Pakistan and India forced millions of people to migrate Africa and Eastern Europe—Ethnic conflicts in Rwanda, Sudan, and the Balkan Peninsula (Eastern Europe) created refugees in the 1990’s-2000’s.

23. Refugee Admittance to U.S. Refugee—Someone who is allowed into a country because of violence or natural disaster in their home country Africa--15,500 East Asia--17,000 Europe and Central Asia--2,500 Latin America/Caribbean--5,000 Near East/South Asia--35,000 Unallocated Reserve--5,000 TOTAL--80,000

24. Access to Resources Can also cause forced migration People tend to live close to natural resources Aral Sea—Shrinking because its water has been used for failed irrigation projects Led to a huge decrease in population near the sea

25. Access to Resources Drought and Famine (mass starvation) Western Europe—In the 1840’s a disease destroyed the Irish potato crop, and thousands of Irish came to the United States. United States in the 1930’s—Parts of Oklahoma became known as the Dust Bowl. Drought forced many people to migrate west to California

26. Urbanization The growth of urban areas Currently, about ½ of the world lives in urban areas (cities), and the number is growing Happens because people go to urban areas looking for jobs and economic opportunities

28. Review! 1. What is the difference between an immigrant and an emigrant? 2. Explain how natural resources can be both a push or a pull factor. 3. Give 2 real world examples of involuntary migration. 4. What is the strongest push factor? 5. How does migration lead to urbanization?