1. OPERA-3d Space Charge Example Gausstech, Inc. www.gausstech.co.kr TEL : 031-783-7980

2. Gausstech, Inc. Create Project Folder Project Folder 를 생성한다. ( 이 예제에서는 “egun”) 생성된 폴더명을 클릭하고 마우스 오른쪽 버튼을 클릭하여 나타나는 팝업대화상자에서 “Set as 3d Project Folder” 를 선택

3. Gausstech, Inc. Run Modeller Opera-3d > Modeller

4. Gausstech, Inc. Create Cathode Create > Object > Cylinder/Cone Create > Object > Sphere Picking > Pick Bodies Picking > Pick Entity Cathode 더블클릭 Cathode_cut 더블클릭 Operations > Combine Bodies > Subtraction, with regularisation

5. Gausstech, Inc. Create Air on Emitter Surface Create > Object > Cylinder/ConePicking > Pick Entities by Property … Operations > Combine Bodies > Trim Overlap, with regularisation

6. Gausstech, Inc. Create Guard Ring Create > Object > Cylinder/ConePicking > Pick Edges Picking > Pick Entity Operations > Blend or Chamfer Double Click

7. Gausstech, Inc. Create Focus Ring Create > Object > Cylinder/ConePicking > Pick Edges Picking > Pick Entity Operations > Blend or Chamfer Double Click

8. Gausstech, Inc. Create Drift Tube Create > Object > Cylinder/ConePicking > Pick Edges … Picking > Pick Entity Operations > Blend or Chamfer Double Click

9. Gausstech, Inc. Change Color View > Change Colours … ① Double click the “Material” item ② Select the “drift” ③ Click “Translucency” button and close

10. Gausstech, Inc. Create Anode Create > Object > Cylinder/Cone

11. Gausstech, Inc. View > Change Colours … ① Double click the “Material” item ② Select the “drift” ③ Click “Translucency” button and close Create Path of the Beam Create > Object > Cylinder/Cone

12. Gausstech, Inc. Picking > Pick Cells Picking > Pick Entity Cell 선택 Properties > Cell Properties … Change Cell Properties

13. Gausstech, Inc. Picking > Pick Entities by Property … Assign Boundary Condition Label Picking > Pick Faces Picking > Change Type of Picked Entities Properties > Face Properties … Boundary condition label 에 “v_cathode” 입력 Picking > Pick Entities by Property … Picking > Pick Faces ( 생략 가능 ) Picking > Change Type of Picked Entities Properties > Face Properties … Boundary condition label 에 “v_guard” 입력

14. Gausstech, Inc. Picking > Pick Entities by Property … Assign Boundary Condition Label Picking > Pick Faces ( 생략 가능 ) Picking > Change Type of Picked Entities Properties > Face Properties … Boundary condition label 에 “v_focus” 입력 Picking > Pick Entities by Property … Picking > Pick Faces ( 생략 가능 ) Picking > Change Type of Picked Entities Properties > Face Properties … Boundary condition label 에 “v_drift” 입력

15. Gausstech, Inc. View > Selection 우측 “Clear all” 버튼 클릭 Material 아이템에서 anode 와 cathode 를 선택 우측 “Display” 버튼 클릭 아래 “Close” 버튼 클릭 Assign Boundary Condition Label Picking > Pick Faces & Picking > Pick Entity Cathode 의 beam 방출면 선택 Properties > Face Properties … Boundary condition label 에 “bc_emitter” 입력 Picking > Pick Faces & Picking > Pick Entity Anode 의 Conical 면 선택 Properties > Face Properties … Boundary condition label 에 “bc_anode” 입력

16. Gausstech, Inc. Verify Face Normal View > Vectors “Face Normal (Picked faces only)” 라디오버튼 클릭 bc_emitter 와 bc_anode 면을 더블클릭 외향법선벡터가 바깥쪽을 향하지 않는다면 벡터를 더블클릭하여 방향을 바꿔줌 외향법선벡터가 안쪽을 향하는 경우 Beam 이 방출되지 않음 Before After Picking > Reset Picked Entities View > Default Selection View > Views > Initial View

17. Gausstech, Inc. Create Background Create > Object > Cylinder/Cone 이름을 반드시 background 라고 해야 함 ask-opera.pdf 223 페이지 참조

18. Gausstech, Inc. Model > Analysis Type > SCALA Model > SCALA Settings… Set SCALA Setting ask-opera.pdf 65~66 페이지 참조 ask-opera.pdf 215 페이지 참조 ask-opera.pdf 285 페이지 참조 ask-opera.pdf 325~326 페이지 참조 ref-3d.pdf 98 페이지 참조 ask-opera.pdf 325~326 페이지 참조 user-3d.pdf 197 페이지 참조 user-3d.pdf 561 페이지 참조

19. Gausstech, Inc. Model > Model Symmetry… Set SCALA Model Symmetry 사용자 선택에 의해 사용 가능, 모델이 작아지면 계산시간 ↓ Full Modelling1/4 Modelling 1/8 Modelling

20. Gausstech, Inc. Model > Set Material Properties… Set Material Properties

21. Gausstech, Inc. Model > Set Boundary Conditions… Set Boundary Conditions Voltage : Functional Voltage (ex : X+5) Normal electric + voltage : Constanct Voltage

22. Gausstech, Inc. Model > Set Emitter Properties… Set Emitter Properties ① Click “bc_emitter” ② Input emitter name ③ Click “Add New Emitter” button ④ Click “emitter” Normal sampling distance : Refer page 286~287 in ask-opera.pdf

23. Gausstech, Inc. Create Surface/Volume Mesh Model > Create Model Body Model > Generate Surface Mesh… Model > Generate Volume Mesh… Model > Create Analysis Database… ask-opera.pdf 238 페이지 참조 ask-opera.pdf 247 페이지 참조 ask-opera.pdf 178 페이지 참조

24. Gausstech, Inc. Solving Total Current = -6.412160178661923E-002 * 4 만약 1/8 모델이라면 8 을 곱해야 함 해석소요시간 만약 해석결과가 수렴하지 않으면 “Solution failed to converge to a nonlinear solution” 이라는 메시지가 나타남 → Iteration Number 를 늘려줌

25. Gausstech, Inc. Run Post-Processor Opera-3d > Post-Processor

26. Gausstech, Inc. Open Result File (.op3) File > Open > “egun.op3” 선택 > OK View > Default Selection and Reflesh 메시를 안 보려면 View > Parts of the Display > Outline View of Model The default display does not show free space volumes.

27. Gausstech, Inc. Show Model Symmetry View > Select… > Show model symmetry None or Quarter HalfThree_Quarters Full

28. Gausstech, Inc. Displaying Trajectories Trajectories > Display Particle Trajectories ① ② ③ ① ② ④ ③ To show time of flight from the emitter

29. Gausstech, Inc. Displaying Trajectories Trajectories > Display Particle Trajectories (Display all symmtry) ① ② ④ ③ ① ② ⑤ ③ ④

30. Gausstech, Inc. Graph of Trajectories Trajectories > Graph Trajectories … ① ② ④ ③ The time of flight against linear distance ⑤ ① ② ④ ③ ⑥ ⑤ The Radius against linear distance

31. Gausstech, Inc. Printing Trajectory Data Trajectories > Graph Trajectories … ① ② ④ ③ opera_logs\Opera3d_Post_nn.lp (nn 은 숫자 ) ⑥ ⑤ … … …

32. Gausstech, Inc. System Variables for PLOT XX coordinates of points on the trajectory YY coordinates of points on the trajectory ZZ coordinates of points on the trajectory RRadial coordinate of points on trajectory XSTARTX coordinate of the first point on the trajectory YSTARTY coordinate of the first point on the trajectory ZSTARTZ coordinate of the first point on the trajectory RSTARTRadial coordinate of the first point on trajectory VELXX component of particle velocity VELYY component of particle velocity VELZZ component of particle velocity CURRENTThe current in the track (beamlet) TOFTime of flight from the start of the trajectory QElectronic charge on the particle MMass of the particle in electron units EMITTEREmitter number OPERA-3d Reference Manual (ref-3d.pdf) 737~738 page 참조

33. Gausstech, Inc. Trajectory Intersections ⑦ ⑨ ⑧ Particle Velocity of the Patch Plane ① ② ④ ③ ⑥ ⑤ Fields > Fields on a Cartesian Patch …Trajectories > Intersect Trajectories with Patch … Patch Plane

34. Gausstech, Inc. Fields > Fields on a Cartesian Patch … Trajectories > Current Density Map … Beam Current Density Display ① ② ④ ③ ②의 Sample Size 는 2 n 이어야 함 (ask-opera.pdf 294~295 page 참조 ) Total current 계산을 위해서는 ③의 Display all symmetries 를 꼭 체크함 Total Current : Solving 시 Res 파일의 Total Current 와 일치

35. Gausstech, Inc. Contour or Vector Map Fields > Contour or Vector Map … 패치 결과를 겹쳐서 함께 보고싶을 때는 좌측 하단의 Options 의 Replace existing maps 의 체크를 해제

36. Gausstech, Inc. Verification of Total Current Z = 4.17424305 mm Z = 20 mm Z = 40 mm Z = 60 mm Z = 80 mm Z = 100 mm Z = 120 mm Z = 140 mm Total Current = -0.2557299178531 (A) Total Current = -0.2530609112176 (A) Total Current = -0.2533532752854 (A) Total Current = -0.2536208269907 (A) Total Current = -0.2538831993337 (A) Total Current = -0.2540321050943 (A) Total Current = -0.2540699940494 (A) Total Current = -0.2540644910714 (A)

37. Gausstech, Inc. Trajectories > Intersect Trajectories with Patch … Calculation of Beam Radius Trajectories > Graph Trajectories … ① ② ④ ③ ⑤ Fields > Fields on a Cartesian Patch … > Evaluate Fields ②③ ① ④⑤ ⑥ ⑦⑧ ⑨ ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ Radius of Beam

38. Gausstech, Inc. Fields > Fields on a Straight Line Fields at a Point and on a Line Fields > Fields at a Point … 그래프 스타일을 바꾸고자 한다면, Fields > Plot Graph of Fields Values …

39. Gausstech, Inc. Fields on a Patch Fields > Fields on a Cartesian Patch … Zone MapLine MapHistogram

40. Gausstech, Inc. Secondary Emission Setting

41. Gausstech, Inc. Model > Set Emitter Properties… Set Emitter Properties ① Click “bc_anode” ② Input emitter name ③ Click “Add New Emitter” button ④ Click “second”

42. Gausstech, Inc. Displaying Trajectories Trajectories > Display Particle Trajectories ① ② ③

43. Gausstech, Inc. Graph of Trajectories Trajectories > Graph Trajectories …