1. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 1 A Quick Overview of RG Jet Simulations: Tom Jones University of Minnesota (Sean O’Neill, Ian Tregillis, Dongsu Ryu)

2. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 2 Wilson et al 2000 Chandra X-ray AGN jets as observed (FRII) (on large scales) What is the physics? Can simulations help find it? The Objective:

3. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 3 Some other examples: 3C438 Fornax A

4. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 4 The General Paradigm Illustrated: High power beam penetrating ICM, forming backflow cocoon Tregillis, Jones & Ryu 2001

5. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 5 Some Obvious Dynamical Parameter Issues: Magnetic (PoyntingFlux) dominated ? Light or heavy (compared to surroundings)? (Jet-matter composition?) Jet flow speed?

6. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 6 Magnetic Domination? Clarke, Norman & Burns 1986 Lind, et al. 1989  = 0.6  P B Strong hoop stresses form “Nose Cone”, absence of backflow cocoon (2D, axisymmetry)

7. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 7 Komissarov 1999 Similar Behaviors for High-Poynting-Flux Relativistic Jets  =10  =1

8. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 8 Heavy or Light: stability? Bodo etal 1998 Light:  =  j /  e =0.1 Mach 10 3D2D slab periodic perturbations

9. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 9 Heavy or Light: stability? Bodo etal 1998 Heavy:  =  j /  e =10 Mach 10 3D2D slab3D2D slab periodic perturbations

10. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 10 Heavy or Light: Morphology? Krause 2003 Lighter cocoons fatter in NR 2D simulations  =  j /  e =10 -2 Mach number   =  j /  e =10 -5 Density 

11. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 11 Scheck etal 2002 Heavy or Light: Morphology? Extreme differences may not be so obvious for light relativistic jets Cold,Baryon Dominated  =  j /  e =10 -3 M j =16  =8 Cold,Lepton Dominated  =  j /  e =10 -3 M j =2.4  =7 Hot,Lepton Dominated  =  j /  e =10 -5 M j =1.7  =7

12. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 12 “Generic” FRII Jet Simulation: Baryonic, Matter dominated:  j > 1 Light:  =  j /  e  10 -2 P j /P e ~ 1 Relatively cold (M j > few) Superalfvenic v j ~ c Example 3D MHD Jets (O’Neill etal 2005) Baryonic, Matter dominated:  j  100 Light:  =  j /  e =10 -2 P j /P e = 1 Relatively cold (M j =12, 3) Superalfvenic (M A =  (   j /2)M j ) (poloidal + toroidal B j ~ 7  G v j = 0.15c Duration/Length: 52 Myr/ 228 kpc r j = 2 kpc

13. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 13 Mach 12 Jet Flow Speed

14. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 14 Mach 12 Jet Shocks (div v)

15. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 15 Mach 12 Jet Magnetic Field

16. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 16 Some Basic Dynamical Evolution Behaviors: Five Simulations M j = 12 (“H”) M j = 3 (“L”) Uniform medium (“U”)* King Atmosphere (“K”) Bow shock contained inside simulation box* *2 HU cases; reflecting and continuous boundaries on jet inflow plane (Also include a passive relativistic electron population)

17. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 17 Energy Transformations, HUr Simulation Solid: total E added Dashed: inflow of each form Dotted: measured in each form Kinetic energy Thermal energy Magnetic energy Total energy

18. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 18 Evolution Similarity Scalings Suppose length l extending at speed v h, Pressure in cocoon, P c ~  e v h 2 If the transverse size, r ~ l, so that V c ~ l 3, and  e =  0 (l/l 0 ) -  Given jet luminosity, L j. E c ~  L j t ~ P c V c, with V c the cocoon volume For Uniform(King) Atmosphere: l ~ t 3/5 (l ~ t); v h ~ l -2/3 (v h ~ const)

19. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 19 Measured Volume Scaling

20. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 20 Measured Length Scaling

21. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 21 Summary: 2D and 3D gasdynamic & mhd jet simulations are now relatively common & provide some useful insights into flow dynamics Computational constraints (eg resolution) still limit the microphysics that can be modeled in detail

22. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 22 Mach 12 Jet B field

23. 27 April, 2005PPPL:Jets/disks/lobes 23