1. Natural Selection & Evidence for Evolution

2. Objectives SUMMARIZE Darwin’s theory of natural selection EXPLAIN how the structural and physiological adaptations of organisms relate to natural selection DISTINGUISH among the types of evidence for evolution

4. Before Darwin Fossils Why were so many species extinct? How did species change over time? Dinosaur fossils thought to be dinosaurs

5. Who was Charles Darwin? English Naturalist 1809-1882 HMS Beagle in 1831 Galapagos Islands (Finches) Pigeon-Breeding On the Origin of Species (1859)

6. Artificial Selection Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with these traits Examples: Dog Breeding Can you think of any others? https://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=udOKHyqoyC E https://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=udOKHyqoyC E

7. Ready for the AWWWWW?

8. Natural Selection Survival of the fittest Process (p.403) 1)Overproduction of offspring 2)Individuals of a population have variations 3)Individuals with USEFUL variations will pass on those variations 4)Over time, most of the population will have that useful variation

9. Evidence for Evolution Physical Adaptations Adaptations in visible structures – Mimicry: Resemble another organism – Camouflage http://www.technocrazed.com/top-23- spectacular-examples-of-animal-camouflage- photo-gallery https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t- LTWFnGmeg https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmDTtkZl MwM

10. Physiological Adaptations Changes in an organisms metabolic processes Drug resistant bacteria Insects, Weeds Relatively fast

11. Kettlewell’s Moths P. 407 Problem Solving Lab 1950s Industrial England

12. Other Evidence: Fossils Incomplete Record We are the intermediate species

13. Other Evidence: Anatomy- Homologous Structures Structural features with a common ancestry Can similar in arrangement, function or both

14. Other Evidence: Anatomy-Analogous Structures Similar in function but… Do not show a common ancestor but… Can show adaptation

15. Other Evidence: Anatomy- Vestigial Structures A body structure without present-day function but, possibly useful in https://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=OAfw3ak pRe8ancestor https://www.youtube.c om/watch?v=OAfw3ak pRe8ancestor

16. Other Evidence: Embryology Embryo is a developing organism (plants and animals) Similarities between mammal, bird, fish & reptile embryos

17. Other Evidence: Biochemistry DNA and/or RNA comparison Chimps and Humans have 98% commonality

18. Darwin’s Finches https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mcM23M -CCog