1. 1 Ethics and Public Speaking

2. 2 Ethical Obligations of Public Speakers Present evidence truthfully Reveal sources responsibly Distinguish between opinion and fact Respond to questions frankly Respect diversity of argument and opinion Carefully consider the probable effect of the speech Use sound reasoning Be responsible using appeals to emotion and values

3. 3 Facts vs. Opinions Facts: Can be proven Are stated objectively Are stated accurately and in context Opinions: Are subjective/biased Often use overgeneralizations Often appeal to emotion

4. 4 Fact or Opinion? I think you are a liar. I loved the movie. I had a wonderful time. One hundred people were saved from the flood.

5. 5 Data vs. Inference Data: Collection of facts, e.g., statistics or measurements Conclusion that summarizes available facts Inference: Conclusion suggested by the facts—drawn from the facts Uses logical thinking and careful analysis

6. 6 Fact or Inference? Paul is 23 years old. It snowed yesterday in Philadelphia. It is going to rain tomorrow. In the winter the water is too cold for swimming. Sam always does well on his math test. Roger ran 5 miles after work today. Ralph makes a good salary as a mechanic.