1. THE HOLOCAUST

2. Holocaust Etymology—Word Origin From the Greek Holokaustos Holo=Whole Kaustos=Burnt Known as Shoah in Hebrew meaning catastrophe, calamity, disaster and destruction.

3. Holocaust Who can use this word? Some Jews prefer the term Shoah instead of Holocaust. The authorities in Israel Yad Vashem Holocaust Martyrs’ and Heros’ Remembrance Authority do use the term Holocaust in reference only to the extermination of European Jews and NOT the extermination of other Non-Jewish groups.

4. Holocaust Therefore, the Holocaust was a genocide meaning the deliberate murder of an ethnic, religious or cultural group. Aside from the Nazi regimen's inexcusable, destructive, contemptuous and unjustifiable behavior toward Jews, Roma (Gypsies), Slavs, elderly, disabled and political opponents, when did it start?

5. Holocaust Timeline January 29, 1933—Hitler sworn in as Chancellor February 27, 1933—Arson attack on the Reichstag, German Parliament building gives Hitler the justification to suspend civil liberties of the German population. March 11, 1933—attack on Jewish owned shops March 20, 1933—The first concentration camp, Dachau is built. The first prisoners are mainly political opponents of the regime, communist and Socialists. March 24, 1933—Hitler given the power to rule by decree March 26, 1933—Boycott of Jewish owned businesses. April 7, 1933—The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, serves as pretext for purging the civil service of political opponents and Jews. April 13, 1933—The Prussian minister of the Interior, Hermann Goering, asks local authorities to provide statistics concerning the ’Rhineland Bastards’- black Germans who are the offspring of German women and French colonial soldiers who served in the French occupation force in Germany in the 1920s. German Jews set-up a council to represent them. April 21, 1933—Kosher tradition outlawed. April 25, 1933—A restrictive quota on the number of Jews allowed into state-run education. May 6, 1933—Students of the berlin school for Physical education demolish Magnus Hirschfield’s progressive Institute of Sexual Science May 10, 1933—Students burn books in public June 28, 1933—The Committee of Experts for Population and Racial Policy is established by the minister of the Interior Wilhelm Frick to prepare a law for the sterilization of those considered “hereditarily ill” July 14, 1933—Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Progeny July 26, 1933—Purge of Jewish Academics August 21, 1933—Establishment of the Reich Chamber of Culture by Joseph Goebbels, prevented Jews from working in broadcasting, cinema, theatre, music and the press.

6. Holocaust Timeline August 24, 1933—Ha’avara (Transfer) agreement allows 10,000 Jews to flee Germany and emigrate to Palestine. September 15, 1933—First raid of ‘vagrants’ anyone who the government thought was suspicious. October 4, 1933—Joseph Goebbels decrees the removal of a non-Aryan editors from German newspapers November 24, 1933—Law against Dangerous Habitual Criminals—empowers the state to detain people with two criminal convictions for unlimited periods in ’protective custody’. On this date the law is extended to beggars, ‘vagabonds’, prostitutes, Pimps and the ‘workshy’. It will also entrap Roma and Sinti ‘Gypsies’. December 5, 1933—Physicians must report to the government those who are ‘hereditarily diseased’. March 11, 1934—The Committee of Experts for Population and Racial Policy discussed forced sterilization as a way of solving the so-called problem of the ‘Rhineland Bastards’. June 29, 1934—’The Night of the Long Knives’ against Hitler’s rivals in the SA (Sturm Abteilung) Storm Troops It is disguised as a crackdown on homosexual men. May 20, 1935—The ‘Aryan paragraph’ of the of the Armed forces Law excludes Jews and ‘non-Aryans’ from military service and prevents Jews in the German army from becoming officers. June 25, 1935 —Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Progeny allows for abortions up to 6 months into pregency. June 27, 1935—Paragraph 175 of the criminal code, is amended to any form of criminal indecency between men and behavior likely to offend public morality. June 26, 1935—Compulsory abortions for ‘hereditarily ill” women June 28, 1935—Homosexual men criminalized August 18, 1935—Civil marriages between Aryans and non-Aryans forbidden. September 14, 1935—Nuremberg Laws passed. November 25, 1935—The Ministry of the Interior requires couples to provide testimonials of fitness to marry. March 2, 1936—Jewish families are denied child allowances July 15, 1936—600 Sinti and Roma (Gypsies) are rounded up before in Berlin before the Olympic Games and placed on wasteland at Marzahan.

7. Holocaust Timeline February 23, 1937—Heinrich Himmler orders that ‘professional people’ or habitual criminals and those who offend public decency should be taken into protective custody. July 16, 1937–-Heinrich Himmler instructs the Central Office for the Fight Against the Gypsy Nuisance, which he set up in 1936 ‘to evaluate the finding of racial-biological research on the Sinti and Roma. July 16, 1937—Buchenwald concentration camp, near Weimar, in Germany opens. December 14, 1937-- Circular enables 'asocials' to be detained. The definition of 'asocials' includes 'beggars, tramps, 'Gypsies' (Roma/Sinti), whores, alcoholics with contagious diseases particularly STDs'. Homosexual men are now also sent to concentration camps if they are arrested. March 3, 1938—Anschluss of Germany and Austria March 13, 1938—Anti-Semitic Laws applied in Austria April 21, 1938—First major arrests of people termed ‘asocials’. Hundreds are sent to Buchenwald concentration camp. By the end of the year, 8,000 homosexual men will also have been arrested. April 26, 1938—Jews forced to dispose of their businesses. May 16, 1938—Jews sent to Mauthausen concentration camp. June 12, 1938—’Gypsy clean-up week’ launched and will continue until 18 June. Only males capable of work are to be arrested. Subsequently they will be sent to concentration camps at Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald and Dachau. July 6, 1938—International conference to help Jewish refugees turns out to be fruitless. July 27, 1938—Separate park benches for Jews and Aryans August 1, 1938—Eichman appointed to run Jewish emigration office. August 17, 1938—Jews denoted by a red ‘J’ on passports. The German government orders that from 1939 Jews must use the first names Sara or Israel. Their passports are to be stamped with a red J - for Jude (Jew) - so that Swiss and British immigration officials will be able to spot would-be asylum seekers. October 6, 1938—Germany annexes Sudeten region from Czechoslovakia October 28, 1938—17,000 Polish Jews in Germany deported.

8. Holocaust Timeline November 7, 1938—German diplomat shot by Polish Jew. A young Polish Jew called Herschel Grynszpan, whose parents have been stranded between Poland and Germany (see previous headline), goes into the German Embassy in Paris and shoots Ernst vom Rath, a minor functionary there. Vom Rath will die from the gunshot wounds two days later. November 11, 1938—German Jews suffer the Kristallnacht pogrom. November 10, 1938—Racial laws introduced in Italy. November 12, 1938—Jews must pay in aftermath of Kristallnacht. December 3, 1938—Jews completely excluded from German economic life. December 8, 1938—Himmler seeks solution to ‘Gypsy Nuisance’ question. In a circular on the 'Fight Against Gypsy Nuisance' Heinrich Himmler refers to 'The Final Solution of the Gypsy Question' - although this does not yet mean genocide. January 30, 1939—Hitler warns Jews of consequences of war. In a speech to the German parliament Hitler proclaims, 'If the international Jewish financiers in and outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once more into a world war, then the result will not be the Bolshevising of the earth and thus a victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe!‘ March 4, 1939—Decree allowing for forced labor of Jews. March 15, 1939—Bohemia and Moravia declared a German Protectorate. March 16, 1939—German racial laws applied to the Protectorate April 30, 1939—Local authorities given rights to evict Jews. May 3, 1939—Anti-Semitic laws introduced in Hungary. July 22, 1939—Eichmann’s emigration office established in Prague. July 25, 1939—First severely disabled children killed by State. The first state-sanctioned euthanasia is carried out, after Hitler receives a petition from a child's parents, asking for the life of their severely disabled infant to be ended.This happens after the case has been considered by Hitler's office and by the Reich Committee for the Scientific Registration of Serious and Congenitally Based Illnesses, whose 'experts' have laid down the basis for the removal of disabled children to special 'paediatric clinics'.Here they can be either starved to death or given lethal injections. At least 5,200 infants will eventually be killed through this programme.

9. Holocaust Timeline August 18, 1939—Doctors required to report deformed newborns September 1, 1939—Invasion of Poland http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/genocide/nazi_genocide_timeline_noflash.shtml

10. Holocaust Nuremberg Laws --Passed in August 20, 1935 and focused on two laws: The Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor prohibited the marriage of Jews (non- Aryan) and German Reich Citizenship Laws stripped the Jews of their German citizenship. Reich citizens and nationals

11. Holocaust Kristalnacht Night of Broken Glass November 9 and 10, 1938. Gangs of Nazi youth roamed Jewish neighborhoods Breaking windows of Jewish businesses and homes, burning synagogues and looting. In total, 101 Synagogues were destroyed 7,500 Jewish businesses destroyed 26,000 arrested and sent to concentration camps 91 deaths.

12. Holocaust Kristallnacht

13. Holocaust Ernst von RathHerschel Grynszpan

14. Holocaust Einsatzgruppen (Mobile Killing Units) -Started around June 1941 during the invasion of the Soviet Union. -Murdered thousands of mentally and physically disabled at first. -Jewish men at first, then women and children. Some dug their own grave before being shot and handing over valuables. -Himmler began using carbon monoxide to kill victims to make it easier for German troops.

15. Holocaust

17. Wannsee Conference and the Final Solution January 20, 1942, Nazi party officials met in a wealthy section of Berlin at a villa by a lake known as Wannsee. The Final Solution was the code name for the deliberate, careful planned destruction of all European Jews.

18. Holocaust Alfred Weltzler Rudolf Vrba

19. Holocaust Birirkenau Huts

20. Holocaust Leon Greenman’s tattoo as displayed in 2004

21. Holocaust Liberation of Nazi Camps—Auschwitz http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_fi.php?ModuleId= 10005131&MediaId=174

22. Holocaust Liberation of Nazi Camps—Auschwitz http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_fi.php?ModuleId= 10005189&MediaId=238

23. Holocaust Liberation of Nazi Camps—Bergen Belsen http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_fi.php?Media Id=161

24. Holocaust Liberation of Nazi Camps—Bergen Belsen http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_fi.php?Media Id=162

25. Holocaust Liberation of Nazi Camps—Buchenwald http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_fi.php?Me diaId=160