1. Clauses

2. Find all the verbs! David dragged his heels to the shop. He was in a foul mood because he had forgotten to take his packed lunch. The rain hammered and the wind howled. The shop, which was on Park Street, was luckily open.

3. Find all the verbs! David dragged his heels to the shop. He was in a foul mood because he had forgotten his packed lunch. The rain hammered and the wind howled. The shop, which was on Park Street, was luckily open.

4. Clauses have verbs. Phrases do not.

5. Phrase or Clause? 1. The doctor’s practice was a long way from her house. 2. Slowly, the enormous turnip grew and grew. 3. For months and months the students studied hard. 4. The sheep were led to the field. 5. There is a gigantic spider under that chair! 6. Under the sea live all kinds of animals. 7. Over the weekend I went shopping. 8. I always have a biscuit and cup of tea at five o’clock. 9. Next year, we’re going on an adventure. Find the verbs!

6. Amy took the dog for a walk. It got very dirty. These are both main clauses or independent clauses. They make sense on their own (independent). Two verbs, two clauses.

7. Amy took the dog for a walk and it got very dirty. I can join my two main/independent clauses together with a coordinating conjunction. If I took away my coordinating conjunction, these main clauses would still make sense on their own. Two verbs, two clauses.

8. The dog got very dirty because Amy took it for a walk. In purple is a subordinate clause. It is formed using a subordinating conjunction (e.g. because). Without the main clause, the subordinate clause would not make sense. Two verbs, two clauses. Try putting the subordinate clause at the start of your sentence. Separate clauses using a comma. Because Amy took it for a walk, the dog got very dirty.

9. Do you know the girl who started in Class 3 last week? Can I have the pencil that I gave you this morning? A notebook is a computer which can be carried around. I won't eat in a restaurant whose cooks smoke. I want to live in a place where there is lots to do. Yesterday was a day when everything went wrong! Miss Thomas, who was a teacher, played the ukulele. BenQ, which often did not work, refused to show the video. Relative clauses are clauses starting with the relative pronouns who*, that, which, whose, where, when. They are most often used to define or identify the noun that precedes them. Here are some examples:

10. Find all the clauses! David dragged his heels to the shop. He was in a foul mood because he had forgotten his packed lunch. The rain hammered and the wind howled. The shop, which was on Park Street, was luckily open.

11. Terms Test! What do these mean? Main/independent clause Subordinate clause Relative clause Phrase Coordinating Conjunction Subordinating Conjunction

12. There is a relative pronoun whom, which can be used as the object of the relative clause. Bob likes the Science teacher very much Subject: Bob Verb: likes Object: the Science teacher The Science teacher, whom Bob likes very much. Extra: who/whom ‘whom’ is the relative pronoun of the Science teacher, who is the object of the sentence. Whom is always used for the object. (Relative clause)