1. Roots of Self-Government Operation Pride Fall 2013

2. Agenda 1.Homework Check – Liberty & Equality Prior Knowledge questions 2.Liberty & Equality Primary Source sentences due Wed. 9/18 3.13 Colonies Map & Timeline Background 4.Roots of Self-Government Jigsaw 5.Exit Ticket 6.Summarizing questions due Wed. 9/18

3. Mystery Piece

4. Learning Targets I can summarize why England wanted to regulate colonial trade. I can describe the governments of the American colonies under British rule. I can explain how the liberties of the colonists were limited.

5. New Vocabulary Mercantilism Export / Import Navigation Acts Yankee Triangular Trade Legislature Glorious Revolution English Bill of Rights

6. Do Now: Take the link to test your map skills of the original 13 American colonies. http://www.softschools.com/social_studies/1 3_colonies_map/ How many could you locate correctly?

7. Mini-Lesson: Summarizing 1. Identify the main idea. The main idea of a passage explains its purpose. Usually, the main idea is presented in the first sentence of the passage. 2. Look for details. These include facts, reasons, explanations, examples, and descriptions that expand the main idea. 3. Restate the main idea. Put the main idea in your own words. 4. Choose important details. Select the most significant details to include in your summary. Remember, a summary should be brief and to the point.

8. England Regulates Trade Like other European nations at the time, England believed that its colonies should benefit the home country. This belief was part of a economic theory known as mercantilism. According to this theory, a nation became strong be keeping strict control over its trade. As one English gentleman put it, "whosoever commands the trade of the world, commands the riches of the world." Mercantilists thought that a country should export more than it imports. Exports are goods sent to markets outside a country. Imports are goods brought into a country. If England sold more goods abroad, gold would flow into the home country as payment for those exports. Beginning in the 1650s, the English Parliament passed a series of Navigation Acts that regulated trade between England and its colonies. The purpose of these laws was to ensure that only England benefited from colonial trade. Under the new laws, only colonial or English ships could carry good to and from the colonies. The Navigation Acts also listed certain products, such as tobacco and cotton, that colonial merchants could ship only to England. In this way, Parliament created jobs for English workers who cut and rolled tobacco or spun cotton into cloth. The Navigation Acts helps the colonies as well as England. For examples, the law encouraged colonists to build their own ships. As a result, new England became a prosperous shipbuilding center. Also, because of the acts, colonial merchants did not have to compete with foreign merchants because they were sure of having a market for their goods in England. Still, many colonists resented the Navigation Acts. in their view, the laws favored English merchants. Colonial merchants often ignored the Navigation Acts or found ways to get around them.

9. Trade in Rum & Slaves The colonies produces a wide variety of goods, and merchant ships sailed up and down the Atlantic coast. Merchants from New England dominated colonial trade. They were known as Yankees, a nickname that implies they were clever and hard working. Yankee traders earned a reputation from profiting from any deal. Colonial merchants developed many trade routes. One route was known as the triangular trade because the three legs of the route formed a triangle. On the first leg, shops from New England carried fish, lumbar, and other goods to the West Indies. There, Yankee traders brought molasses- a dark-brown syrup made from sugar cane- and sugar. The ships then sailed back to New England, where colonists used the molasses and sugar to make rum. On the second leg of the journey, shops carried run, guns, gunpowder, cloth, and tools from New England to West Africa. In Africa, Yankee merchants traded these goods for slaves. On the final leg, ships carried enslaved Africans to the West Indies. With the profits from selling the enslaves Africans, traders bought more molasses. Many New England merchants grew wealthy from the triangular trade. In doing so, they often disobeyed the Navigation Acts. Traders were supposed to buy sugar and molasses only from English colonies in the West Indies. However, the demand for molasses was so high that New Englanders smuggled tin cargoes from the Dutch, French, and Spanish West Indies, too. Bribes made customs officials look the other way.

10. Colonial Government Although each colony developed its own government, the governments has much in common. A governor directed the colony's affairs and enforces the laws. Most governors were appointed, either by the kind or by the colony's proprietor. In Rhode Island and Connecticut, however, colonists elected their own governors. Elected Assemblies Each colony also has a legislature. A legislature is a group a people who have the power to make laws. In most colonies, the legislature has an upper house and a lower house. The upper house was made up of advisers appointed by the governor. The lower house was an elected assembly. It approved laws and protects the rights of citizens. Just as important, it has the right to approve any taxes the governor asked for. This "power of the purse," or right to raise or spend money, was an important check on the governor's power. Any governor who ignored the assembly risked losing his salary. The Right to Vote Each colony has its own rules about who could vote. By the 1720s, however, all the colonies had laws that restricted the right to vote to white Christian men over the age of 21. In some colonies, only Protestants or members of a particular church could vote. All voters has to own property. Colonial leaders believed that only property owners knew what was best for a colony. A Bill of Rights Colonists took great pride in their elected assemblies. They also valued the rights that the Magna Carta gave them as English subjects. Colonists won still more rights as a result of the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Parliament removed King James II from the throne and asked William and Mary of the Netherlands to rule. In return for Parliament's support, William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights in 1689. A bill of rights is a written list of freedoms the government promises to protect. The English Bill of Rights protects the rights of individuals and gave anyone accused of a crime the right to a trial by jury. Just as important, the English Bill of Rights said that a ruler could not raise taxes or an army without the approval of Parliament.

11. Limits on Liberties English colonists in the Americas enjoyed more freedoms that did the English themselves. However, the rights of English citizens did not extend to all colonists. Women had more rights in the colonies but far fewer that did free, white males. A woman's father or husband was supposed to protect her. A married woman could not start her own business or sign a contract unless her husband approved it. In most colonies, unmarried women and widows had more rights than married women. They could make contracts and sue in court In Maryland and the Carolinas, women settlers who headed families could buy land on the same terms as men. Africans and Native Americans in the colonies has almost no rights. While so many colonists enjoyed English Liberties, most Africans were bound in slavery. The conflict between liberty and slavery would not be resolved until the 1860s.

12. Summarizing Assignment The following excerpts come from the Magna Carta signed by King john in 1215. (12) No [tax] may be levied in our kingdom without its general consent, unless it is for the ransom of our person, to make our eldest son a knight, and (once) to marry out eldest daughter. For these purposes only a reasonable [tax] may be levied. (14) To obtain the general consent of the realm for the assessment of a [tax]- except in the three cases specified above-we will cause the archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, and greater barons to be summoned individually by letter. To those who hold lands directly of us we will cause a general summons to be issued, through the sheriffs and other officials, to come together on a fixed day (of which at least forty days notice shall be given) and at a fixed place. In all letters of summons, the cause of the summons will be stated. When a summons has been issues, the business appointed for the day shall go forward in accordance with the resolution of those present, even if not all those who were summoned have appeared. 1. Which sentence contains the main point of these passages? 2. (a) What three exceptions are given? (b) Who has to approve the assessment of a tax? (c) Identify another detail about approving taxes. 3. Restate the main idea if your own words. 4. Complete your summary by adding two important details to go with your main idea statement.

13. Dialogue Assignment You will be writing a dialogue. A dialogue is a conversation that two or more people have. You will be writing this as if they are an England merchant. Write as if you are having a conversation with another colonial merchant about trade in the colonies. Consider the Navigation Acts and triangular trade. 20 lines of dialogue are required written out for Wednesday 9/18

14. Exit Ticket 1. Why did England want to regulate colonial trade? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________ 2. Give two examples of how liberties of the colonies were limited. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ________________________ 3. How were colonial governments organized? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ ________________________