1. INTRODUCTION TO OCEANOGRAPHY

2. Anticipation Guide
The interconnected waters of the ocean cover more than 70% of Earth’s surface.
True False
2. The ocean contains more than 90% of all surface water on Earth.
3. How long would it take a river the size of the Amazon to drain the ocean? __________years
4. The ocean contains enough salt to cover all the continents with a layer ________ feet deep
5. Human blood, excluding the cells and protein, has the same general composition as sea water.

3. 6. The average depth of the ocean is _______ feet
7. If the tallest mountain on land, Mt Everest, were sunk in the deepest part of the ocean, the Mariana trench, its peak would stick out of the water. True False
8. The ocean off our coast is flat.
True False
9. The average temperature of the ocean is __________ degrees Fahrenheit
10. More plants and animals live in the air and on land than in the ocean.
11. Squid have the largest eyes of any animal.
12. The largest animal ever to live on Earth is the _________
13. A newborn blue whale weighs more than 2000 pounds.
14. Sperm whale teeth can be ten inches long and weigh up to 4 pounds.
15. The sea has always been at its present level.

4. QUESTION 1
The interconnected waters of the ocean cover more than 70% of Earth’s surface
TRUE

5. TRUE – 97% QUESTION 2 The ocean contains more than 90%
of all surface water on Earth
TRUE – 97%

6. QUESTION 3
How long would it take a river the size of the Amazon to drain the ocean?
200,000 YEARS

7. QUESTION 4
The ocean contains enough salt to cover all the continents with a layer ________ feet deep
500

8. QUESTION 5
Human blood, excluding the cells and protein, has the same general composition as sea water
TRUE

9. QUESTION 6
The average depth of the ocean is _______ feet
12,300

10. covered by water around 7000 feet deep
QUESTION 7
If the tallest mountain on land, Mt Everest, were sunk in the deepest part of the ocean, the Mariana trench, its peak would stick out of the water
FALSE – It would be
covered by water around 7000 feet deep

11. QUESTION 8
The ocean off our coast is flat
FALSE

12. QUESTION 9
The average temperature of the ocean is __________ degrees Fahrenheit 38

13. FALSE – 90% of all organisms live in the ocean
QUESTION 10
More plants and animals live in the air and on land than in the ocean
FALSE – 90% of all organisms live in the ocean

15. TRUE – The eyes of a giant squid are around 15 inches in diameter
QUESTION 11
Squid have the largest eyes of any animal
TRUE – The eyes of a giant squid are around 15 inches in diameter

16. QUESTION 12
The largest animal ever to live on Earth is the _________
Blue Whale

18. TRUE – and it can gain 200 pounds a day
QUESTION 13
A newborn blue whale weighs more than 2000 pounds
TRUE – and it can gain 200 pounds a day

19. QUESTION 14
Sperm whale teeth can be ten inches long and weigh up to 4 pounds
TRUE

20. QUESTION 15
The sea has always been at its present level
FALSE – 1700 years ago it was 400 feet lower. 250 million years ago Texas was covered by the ocean

21. September 6 Review of expectations and policies; heading on papers
Introduction to Oceanography Notes
Locating Water Masses – using a globe/ map
Branches of Oceanography handout
Review questions
Exit activity

22. WHY ARE THE OCEANS IMPORTANT TO US?
There are four key reasons the oceans are important to us…

23. WHY ARE THE OCEANS IMPORTANT TO US?
Weather
Oxygen
Food
Water

24. THEN WHY ARE WE DESTROYING IT?
Take a moment to answer this question – consider pollution, overfishing, etc.

25. DEFINITIONS OCEANOGRAPHY OCEAN
The study of all sciences as they relate to the ocean
OCEAN
The large body of saline water that occupies the depressions of the Earth’s surface

26. Oceanography is not a pure science
Most oceanographers are trained in other sciences
Ocean studies rely on collaboration

27. HOW DID THE OCEANS FORM?

28. Ocean Formation While the Earth was molten:
Heavy metals migrated to the center
lighter elements moved toward the surface
Hydrogen and oxygen migrated toward the surface to form an atmosphere
Volcanic activity released gases, including water, trapped within the Earth
This is called outgassing
Earth cooled, gases in the atmosphere condensed and rain fell
It may have rained for 10 million years
Comets collided with the early Earth
Materials on land were weathered
Chemical bonds were broken by light (photolysis) to release atoms

29. OCEAN FACTS
The oceans and sea ice form % of all the water on Earth
Chemical Content
Virtually every element found on land can be found in the ocean
Area it covers:
361 million km2
Depth: 3,796 meters
4.5 x’s greater than the average land elevation

30. More ocean facts… Deepest Spot: Volume: 1.37 billion km3
Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench (11,022 meters)
This is 2,192 meters deeper than Everest is high
Volume: 1.37 billion km3
Holds the most carbon dioxide
Average Temperature: 3.00 C (390 F)
5 trillion tons of salt in the ocean
Mass – 155 billion tons
Distribution:
Northern Hemisphere: 60.7% ocean and 39.3% land
Southern Hemisphere: 80.9% ocean and19.1% land

31. PERSPECTIVE
While the ocean is large, when put on a planetary scale, the ocean accounts for slightly more than 0.02% of Earth’s mass or 0.13% of its volume.
There is much more water chemically trapped within the Earth’s interior than there is in the ocean and atmosphere