1. Lab: How do glaciers shape the land? 12/08/09 Topic: Glacier DN: How do glaciers erode the land?

2. Lab website http://glencoe.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0078778026/student_view0/ unit2/chapter8/virtual_lab.htmlhttp://glencoe.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/0078778026/student_view0/ unit2/chapter8/virtual_lab.html

3. Lab Questions 1. How is a glacier similar to a river? 2. How are continental glaciers different from valley glaciers? What are some differences in how these two types of landforms erode the land? 3. What kind of terrain and landforms would indicate the prior existence of a valley glacier? 4. What kind of terrain and landforms would indicate the prior existence of a continental glacier?

4. Review lab questions 1. How is a glacier similar to a river? A. Both erode the land they pass over, carrying eroded material along and depositing it to form new landforms. 2. How are continental glaciers different from valley glaciers? What are some differences in how these two types of landforms erode the land? A. Continental glaciers are huge, flatten the land, cover most of the terrain they cross, and have more carving affect on the valleys through which they move. Valley glaciers flow down mountain slopes and through valleys previously occupied by streams. 3. What kind of terrain and landforms would indicate the prior existence of a valley glacier? A. Mountainous terrain with horns, cirques, arêtes, hanging valleys, lateral moraines, and u-shaped valleys. 4. What kind of terrain and landforms would indicate the prior existence of a continental glacier? A. Large, flatten area with kettles, drumlins, eskers, till, erratic, an end moraines.

5. Take-Away Points Glaciers are flowing streams of ice Glaciers have a zone of accumulation where snowfall exceeds losses (ablation) Accumulation can be due to high altitude (mountain glaciers) or cold climate (continental glaciers) Glaciers have a zone of ablation where losses exceed snowfall Glaciers are governed by a balance of snowfall, ice flow, and ablation Glaciers retreat by melting back, not by retracting Glaciers produce distinctive landforms and small scale features

6. Snowfall vs Melting & Evaporation (Ablation) Zone of Accumulation Mountain Continental (Greenland, Antarctica Zone of Melting or Ablation Terminus of Glacier Ablation = Accumulation+ Flow

7. Small Glacier, Antarctica

8. Anatomy of a Glacier

9. A Typical Glacial Advance and Retreat

10. Mountain Glacier Landforms

11. Glacial Valley, Yosemite, California

12. Cirque, Oregon

13. Cirques, Colorado

14. The Mother of All Cirques, Mount Everest

15. Glaciated Landscape, Sierra Nevada

16. What it May Have Looked Like

17. Glacier, Antarctica

18. Moraines, Colorado

19. Moraine, Washington

20. Glacier and Moraines, Peru

21. Continental Glacier Landforms

22. Greenland Ice Cap

23. Antarctic Ice Cap

24. Continental Glacier, Antarctica

25. Glacial Deposits, Ontario

26. Dropstone, Ontario

27. Erratic, Washington

28. Kettles, Madison, Wisconsin

29. Roche Moutonnee, Wisconsin

30. Crescentic Gouges, Wisconsin

31. Chatter Marks, Wisconsin

32. Drumlins, Wisconsin

33. Buried Log, Wisconsin

34. Till and Outwash, Wisconsin

35. Sculpted Bedrock, Ontario

36. Antarctic Subglacial Lakes

37. Lake Vostok

38. Take-Away Points Glaciers are flowing streams of ice Glaciers have a zone of accumulation where snowfall exceeds losses (ablation) Accumulation can be due to high altitude (mountain glaciers) or cold climate (continental glaciers) Glaciers have a zone of ablation where losses exceed snowfall Glaciers are governed by a balance of snowfall, ice flow, and ablation Glaciers retreat by melting back, not by retracting Glaciers produce distinctive landforms and small scale features