1. World War I War and Revolution, 1914-1919

2. Section One: The Road to World War One THE IDEA OF NATIONALISM WAS EVIDENT IN ALL EUROPEAN GOVERNMENTS, AND WAS MEANT TO KEEP THE PEACE IN EUROPE. THE SYSTEM OF ALLIANCES IN EUROPE, HOWEVER, CREATED GREATER TENSION BETWEEN THESE COUNTRIES, AND MADE WAR AN EVEN GREATER POSSIBILITY.

3. TRIPLE ENTENTE vs. TRIPLE ALLIANCE

4. ALLIANCES IN WORLD WAR I THE TRIPLE ENTENTE WAS A PACT BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND RUSSIA, IN 1907. THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE WAS A PACT BETWEEN GERMANY, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, AND ITALY, FORMED IN 1882.

5. THE MILITARY DRAFT MOST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES HAD AN ONGOING CONSCRIPTION (DRAFT) OF MEN, TO KEEP THEIR ARMIES LARGE. AT THE BEGINNING OF WWI, THE US AND GREAT BRITAIN BEGAN TO DRAFT THEIR SOLDIERS. Militarization: building up the equipment, large armies, and supplies before the war even started.

6. THE BEGINNING OF THE GREAT WAR THE ASSASSINATION OF AUSTRIAN ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND BY A SERBIAN TERRORIST GROUP. DUE TO A SERIES OF ALLIANCES THAT ALREADY EXISTED IN EUROPE, THE WAR QUICKLY INTENSIFIED, BY AUGUST 1914.

7. The Alliances Kick In…. When Austria declared war on Serbia, Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary. Because Germany was an ally to Austria-Hungary, Germany declared war on Russia. France was an ally to Russia, so France declared war on Germany, and when Germany invaded France, Great Britain declared war on Germany. By September 1914, World War I was being fought along several fronts, with millions of soldiers.

8. von Schlieffen’s Plan

9. SECTION 2 NOTES

10. The Eastern Front The Germans were able to quickly defeat the Russians on the Eastern Front, at the Battle of Tannenberg and at the Battle of Masurian Lakes. The Russians did defeat Germany’s ally, Austria- Hungary, in Serbia, and Italy would later betray Germany and Austria-Hungary, and join forces with France, Great Britain, and Russia.

11. The Battle of Tannenberg, Aug 1914

12. The Western Front The Germans swept through neutral Belgium, and tried to get behind the French Army, but were stopped at the Marne River, just outside of Paris. The war quickly became a stalemate between the Allied armies (French/British) and the Germans. Millions of soldiers on both sides would die while fighting trench style of war.

13. New Technologies in WWI Major advances in military technology were made to shorten the war, but only caused massive casualties and lengthened the war. 1)Machine guns 2)Airplanes 3)Tanks 4)Submarines

14. WWI Machine Guns

15. German Gun Crew in Gas Masks

16. Machine Gunners in Gas Masks

17. German Machine Gun in Support of Attack

18. German Tri-Plane

19. The Red Baron (Baron von Richthofen)

20. Baron von Richthofen

21. American Bi-Plane

22. Planes as Infantry Support

23. German Tank in WWI

24. British Tanks in WWI

25. WWI Tank Crossing a Trench

26. French Light Tank in WWI

27. French Renault Light Tank

28. German U-Boats

29. German Submarine Crew

30. The U.S. Enters WWI, 1917-1918 The US enters the war as a result of unrestricted submarine warfare on Allied shipping by German subs. The American presence shifted the advantage to the Allies, with hundreds of thousands US troops fighting alongside the French and British, on the Western Front, against the Germans.

31. US Propaganda Poster WWI

32. The Armistice The Germans finally surrendered to the Allies on November 11, 1918. The Treaty of Versailles officially disciplines Germany for causing the war, and forcing them to pay reparations for all the damages from World War I.

33. Section 3: The Russian Revolution, 1917

34. Czar Nicholas II The Romanov family ruled in Russia for decades, and Nicholas II was the last to rule. Due to the failure of Russia during WWI, and his leadership at the battlefront, Czar Nicholas steps down from rule in 1917.

35. Czar Nicholas II and Family

36. The Fam…

37. Rasputin’s Influence While Czar Nicholas was leading Russia’s armies, his wife, Alexandra, was in charge of domestic affairs in St. Petersburg (Petrograd). Alexandra was brought under the influence of a spiritual leader, Rasputin, who continually interfered with Russian government decisions.

38. Grigori Rasputin

39. Revolution of March 1917 The soviets were groups of workers and soldiers throughout Russia that rose up to challenge the governments authority. From this group of soviets, the Bolsheviks became the most influential, and led to the rise in power of Vladimir Ulianov, who became known as V.I. Lenin.

40. V.I. Lenin

41. Lenin, 1917

42. “Peace, Land, Bread”

43. “Worker Control of Production”

44. “All Power to the Soviets”

45. The Civil War The Bolsheviks, under Lenin’s leadership, were predominantly Communists. They believed that everyone should have the same, and that the ruling party (the Romanovs) should be gotten rid of… and had the Czar and his family killed. The civil war in Russia was between the White Army (non-communist) and the Red Army (Bolsheviks).

46. The Communist Takeover

47. War Communism The Red Army wins the Russian civil war, and establish a communist rule in the new Soviet Union. A policy of war communism becomes policy in Russia (the Soviet Union) which guaranteed regular supplies for the Red Army. By 1921, the Red Army controlled all of the Soviet Union, creating a communist, totalitarian government under Lenin.

48. Section Four: The End of the War

49. End of the War The American troops arrived in France in 1918, and were able to stop the final German assault at the Second Battle of the Marne, in July. More than 1 million American troops would fight in the war, and by October, the Germans began to look for peace terms.

50. General Erich von Ludendorff

51. Hindenburg, Kaiser Wilhelm II, Ludendorff

52. November 11, 1918 The Germans signed an armistice, which was a truce between the Allies and the Germans, establishing a cease-fire and an end to the war. The Paris Peace conference agreed that Germany would have to pay reparations to pay for the damages caused during World War I.

53. The Treaty of Versailles June 28, 1919– German lands taken from France in 1871 are finally returned, to create a buffer zone between France and Germany. Germany was forced to reduce the size of its military forces to 100,000 troops, which essentially served as a police force.

54. A New Europe The war and revolutions throughout Europe changed the layout of national boundaries. New countries, like Poland, and profound bitterness would create greater problems over the next decade. The rise of militarism in Germany would again bring about conflict in Europe in the late 1930’s.