1. Acids and Bases Chapter 3 Sections 2 + 3 Pages 62-71

2. Acids and their Properties An acid is Hydronium ions form when a _______ ____, H⁺, separates from the acid and bonds with a ____ ______, H₂O.

3. Acids have a Sour Flavor _____ _____ result of citric acid Most acids are _______ (can destroy body tissue, clothing, etc.) Most acids are _______

4. Acids Change Colors in Indicators A substance indicator. An indicator is a Litmus paper strip usually ____ and changes to ____ when an acid is added

5. Acids React with Metals Acids react with some _____ to produce ________ gas. Acids need ______metals to produce the gas.

6. Acids Conduct Electric Current When acids are dissolved in water, they Ions make the solution able to conduct an _____ ______. Car battery-sulfuric acid

7. Uses of Acids Sulfuric Acid: Nitric Acid: Hydrochloric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid: Citric Acid and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C): Carbonic acid and phosphoric acid:

8. Bases and their Properties A base is any compound that increases the number of ______ ions, OH⁻, when dissolved in water. Hydroxide ions give bases their properties: soaps, bleach/detergents, baking soda. Properties include a ____ taste and _______ feel.

9. Bases and their Properties Bases change color in indicators. Changes ___ litmus paper to ____. Bases conduct an electric current because bases increase the number of ________ ions, OH⁻, in a solution. A hydroxide ion is a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom bonded together. The extra electron gives the hydroxide ion a ________ charge.

10. Uses of Bases Sodium hydroxide: Calcium hydroxide: Ammonia: Magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide:

11. Strengthens of Acids and Bases Strength is not the same as concentration. Concentration is Strength

12. Strong Versus Weak Acids and Bases In a ______ acid or base, all of the molecules of the acid or base break apart when the acid or base is dissolved in water. In a _____ acid or base, only a few of the acid or base molecules break part when the acid or base is dissolved in water.

13. Acids, Bases and Neutralization The reaction between acids and bases is a ___________ _______. (example- antacid meets stomach acid) The hydrogen ions H⁺ (from the acid) react with the hydroxide ions OH⁻ forming H₂O, water which is neutral. If the water evaporates then ions form compounds called salts.

14. The pH Scale An indicator, such as litmus, can identify whether a solution contains an acid or base. A pH is a value that is used to express the acidity or basically (alkalinity) of a system. Less than 7: _____ 7: _______ Greater than 7: ____

15. Using Indictors to Determine pH Indicators turn different ______ at different pH levels. The color of the pH strip can be compared with colors on the indicator scale to

16. pH and the Environment Rain pH (5.5-6) Soil pH, some plants grow better in either acidic or basic soil.

17. Salts and its Uses A salt is Sodium Chloride Sodium Hydroxide (lye and baking soda) Sodium nitrate (food preservative)

18. More info on Acids and Bases http://www.chem4kids.com/files/react_acidb ase.html http://www.chem4kids.com/files/react_acidb ase.html