1. SPECIATE 4.4: The Bridge Between Emissions Characterization and Modeling Office of Research and Development National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Air Pollution Prevention and Control Division December 10, 2013 Michael Kosusko, EPA/ORD/NRMRL Abhinav Sehgal, EPA Student Volunteer The SPECIATE Work Group

2. Introduction What is SPECIATE and how is it used? History of SPECIATE Release of SPECIATE 4.4 – Dec 2013 The SPECIATE Data Browser Analysis of VOC profiles linked to Source Classification Code (SCC) categories in the National Emissions Inventory (NEI) 1

3. What is SPECIATE? A repository for speciated emissions profiles A searchable Microsoft Access database A compilation of three air pollution emission types: – Particulate Matter (PM) – Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) – Other Gases [e.g. Hg, NO/NO 2 /HONO, semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC)] Species include metals, ions, elements, organic and inorganic compounds PM profiles are size-segregated (PM 10, PM 2.5 ) Profiles are rated for quality 2

4. Development of SPECIATE 4.4 Collaboration involving: –EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) –Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) –Office of Transportation and Air Quality (OTAQ) –The SPECIATE Workgroup 3

5. Why Do We Need SPECIATE? DATA SOURCESSPECIATEDATA USERS Input to Regulatory Models Peer-reviewed Literature 2011 NEI Modeling Platform - CMAQ Source Testing of - MOVES Speciated Emissions - SMOKE Source Apportionment Primarily EPA DataSource Receptor Models Air Toxics Inventories Feedback on Data Needs 4

6. Uses of SPECIATE Data? Relative Toxicity Weighting of 14 High Risk HAPs for Cancer 2005 NEI emissions, adjusted by SPECIATE profiles, and multiplied by Unit Risk Estimate (URE) 2005 NEI emissions, multiplied by Unit Risk Estimate (URE) From Simon, et al., 2010 5

7. NEI vs. Speciated Profiles Applied to the NEI 6 Emissions of 96 HAPs from twelve source categories adjusted using SPECIATE profiles versus those extracted directly from the NEI Species with large differences are high- lighted within several source categories. From Simon, et al., 2010

8. Sources of SPECIATE Data EPA Speciation Data Peer-reviewed Literature Other Compilations of Speciated Emissions –Cass Group –California Air Resources Board (CARB) –Desert Research Institute (DRI) –Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) –Environment Canada’s National Pollutant Release Inventory –Environment Canada Mobile Source Speciation Profiles –Coordinating Research Council E-75 Diesel Exhaust Speciation Database 7

9. Brief History of SPECIATE Paper and computer versions for EPA use - 1988 Electronic version (CD) distributed - 1993 SPECIATE 3.2 with front-end via desk top application posted to EPA's CHIEF website - Nov 2002 SPECIATE 4.0 housed in MS Access - Jan 2007 SPECIATE 4.1 results included in SPECIATE 4.2 SPECIATE 4.2 - Apr 2009 –Other Gases profiles –SVOC splitting factors –Protocol for SPECIATE expansion SPECIATE 4.3 and SPECIATE Data Browser - May 2011 8

10. Brief History (continued) From Beck and Divita, 2012 9

11. SPECIATE 4.4 Updates Sources of New Profiles  TOG from of Oil and Gas Fugitive sources  OG from Gasoline Vehicle Exhaust  OG from Dairy Farms  PM from the Kansas City light vehicle study  PM from Outdoor Wood Boiler aerosol emissions  PM from Aircraft Exhaust Summary of New Profiles –32 new PM profiles for a total of 3,600 –104 new Organic Gas profiles for a total of 1,879 –0 new Other Gases profiles for a total of 249 –2,346 unique species 10

12. Access Database Screenshot 11

13. The SPECIATE Data Browser First included in SPECIATE 4.3 Web-based application –ColdFusion ® and Oracle ® Allows data searches by pollutant, key word, and source category Allows data download No need to purchase or use MS Access Accessed through internet browser 12

14. http://cfpub.epa.gov/si/speciate/ 13 Home Index Screen

15. Keyword Search 14

16. Browse Details 15

17. Results for Dibenzofuran 16

18. Introduction to Summer Project Abhinav Sehgal, Student Volunteer SPECIATE Background –Every VOC profile assigned by its SCC to a source category –The SCC-to-SPECIATE cross-reference table accounts for over 80% of national VOC and PM emissions in the National Emissions Inventory (NEI) Project Goal –Review VOC emission profiles applied to SCC categories that are for the largest source VOCs –Identify SCC categories with potentially better profiles 17

19. SCC Targeting Via the NEI 18 Focus on only part of the VOC emissions inventory Biogenic sources not considered (not in SPECIATE) Onroad Vehicles and Other Mobile Sources excluded (OTAQ recently completed detailed assessment.) Prescribed Fires and Wildfires excluded 11 MT/yr of VOC emissions within scope of effort

20. Crosswalking SCCs with SPECIATE VOC Profiles. 19 SPECI- ATE Profile Code Current Profile Name SCC: Description Emis- sions (tons/ year)Recommendation 0 Over All Average 30788801: Industrial Processes; Pulp & Paper and Wood Products; Fugitive 7891 8783 - Pulp and Paper Mills - Kraft Mill Bleach Plants 1084 Residential Wood Com- bustion 10200902: External Combustion Boilers; Industrial; Wood/ Bark Waste; Wood/ Bark-fired Boiler 3861 8814? - Pulp and Paper Mills – Wood-Fired Boilers 121Open Burning Dump – Landscape 2610030000: Waste Disposal, Treatment, and Recovery; Open Burning; Residential Waste 7828Data Gap

21. Potential for Using Better Profiles Improved links were recommended for SPECIATE 4.0 and 4.3 in 2006 and 2012 Mr. Sehgal found that the 2006 recommendations had been implemented while those from 2012 had not Abhinav identified 68 potential mismatches –Found many matches that could be better –Many SCC categories tied to the overall average profile –Many had no good match 20

22. Analysis of Pulp and Paper Profiles Abhinav found that: –Over 200 Pulp and Paper profile assignments for source categories are linked to generic profiles –Potentially better profile matches exist for only 21 sources –The eight largest of these matches are linked to profile 1185: Coal Fired Boiler – Industrial 21

23. Pulp and Paper Profiles (cont.) For example: –SCC category 30700401 – Pulp and Paper and Wood Products, Pulpboard Manufacture, Paper- board: General – emits 12 kT/yr of VOC per the NEI –SPECIATE profile 8783 – Pulp and Paper Mills - Kraft Mill Bleach Plants – may be a better match than profile 1185 – Coal Fired Boiler – Industrial Paperboard is described as paper of more than 0.25 mm in thickness. Some paperboard uses pulp bleached using the Kraft process. –Expertise in each emission source needed to evaluate the suggested profiles as a better fit 22

24. Comparison of Old and New Profiles for One SCC Category 23

25. Potential Impact 24 Strong RecommendationsTons of VOCs Affected 2012 Memo70,589 Pulp & Paper25,438 Other36,884 Total132,911 Weaker RecommendationsTons of VOCs Affected 2012 Memo15,904 Pulp & Paper9,808 Other184,996 Total210,708

26. Conclusions SPECIATE and its Data Browser are a significant enhancement of the data available to characterize emissions by species and source category. The Data Browser [http://cfpub.epa.gov/si/speciate/] makes it easy for non Access users to view and use SPECIATE data.http://cfpub.epa.gov/si/speciate/ Links of SPECIATE profiles to SCC categories need to be updated as newer and better data are generated. New source profiles and application features will be added In future revisions. You can help by supplying data or identifying data needs 25

27. Questions/Comments/Suggestions Please contact: Michael Kosusko, US EPA (919) 541-2734 kosusko.mike@epa.gov or Frank Divita, Abt Associates Frank_Divita@abtassoc.com 26

28. Supplemental Slides 27

29. The SPECIATE Workgroup NAMEEPA OFFICEEXPERTISE/SPECIALIZATION Richard Baldauf ORD/NRMRLMobile Source Emissions Souad Benromdhane OAR/OAQPS Health Benefits of Air Quality Management Prakash Bhave ORD/NERL PM Speciation and Air Quality Modeling Shao-Hang Chu OAR/OAQPSAmbient Data Analysis Richard CookOAR/OTAQMobile Source Air Toxics Tyler FoxOAR/OAQPSRegulatory Air Quality Modeling Neil FrankOAR/OAQPSAmbient Data Analysis Michael HaysORD/NRMRLEmission Source Testing James HembyOAR/OAQPSPolicy Making Brooke Hemming ORD/NCEAClimate Change and Black Carbon Amara HolderORD/NRMRL Emission Source Testing and Black Carbon Bryan HubbellOAR/OAQPS Health Benefits of Air Quality Management Michael Kosusko ORD/NRMRL Air Pollution Control, Project Management Deborah Luecken ORD/NERLGas-phase Chemistry Doug McKinney ORD/NRMRLAir Pollution Research Management Ron MyersOAR/OAQPSRegulatory Source Measurements Lucas NeasORD/NHEERLAir Pollution Epidemiology Carlos NunezORD/NRMRLAir Pollution Research Management David OlsonORD/NERL Source Apportionment and VOC Speciation George Pouliot ORD/NERL Emissions Modeling (Inventories and Platforms) NAMEEPA OFFICEEXPERTISE/SPECIALIZATION Havala PyeORD/NERL Secondary Organic Aerosol Modeling Venkatesh Rao OAR/OAQPS Biomass Burning and Black Carbon Inventory Adam ReffOAR/OAQPS Source Apportionment and Ambient Data Analysis Ron RyanOAR/OAQPSEmissions Inventory Dave SandersOAR/OAQPSVOC Reactivity Golam SarwarORD/NERLAir Quality Modeling Richard Shores ORD/NRMRLEmission Source Testing Heather Simon OAR/OAQPSAir Quality Modeling Darcie SmithOAR/OAQPSAir Toxics Risk Assessment Joseph Somers OAR/OTAQ Mobile Source Emissions and Air Quality Modeling Darrell Sonntag OAR/OTAQ Mobile Source Emissions and Air Quality Modeling Lindsay Stanek ORD/NERLExposure Assessment Madeleine Strum OAR/OAQPSNational Emissions Inventory Eben ThomaORD/NRMRLEmission Source Testing Brian TiminOAR/OAQPSAir Quality Modeling Leon WalshORD/NHEERLAir Pollution Toxicology Research Tim WatkinsORD/IOAAEnvironmental Economics Catherine Yanca OAR/OTAQ Mobile Source Emissions and Air Quality Modeling Tiffany Yelverton ORD/NRMRL Air Pollution Control, Combustion, and Black Carbon Alexis Zubrow USEPA REGION 1 Emissions Modeling 28

30. Examples of SPECIATE Data