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25.3 The Cold War Expands
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Race for the H-Bomb Hydrogen Bomb - thermonuclear device possibly 1,000x stronger than atomic bomb Soviets test A-bomb in 1949 Nov ‘52 - first US test (10.4 million tons of TNT); Aug ‘53 - first Soviet test
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Eisenhower’s Foreign Policy John Foster Dulles - Eisenhower's Sec of State Massive Retaliation - keep the peace with the threat of an all out nuclear war against aggressors
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Brinkmanship - name of Ike’s policy; willing to go to the brink of war Results: 1. Arms Race 2. Fear of Attack (air raid drills, bomb shelters)
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Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Government agency which spied on and took covert actions against unfriendly governments (Iran, Guatemala)
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“Thaw” in the Cold War 1953, Joseph Stalin dies; Replaced by Nikita Khrushchev who criticized Stalin and seemed more open US/USSR meet in Geneva
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Uprisings in EasternEurope 1956 Poland Hungary - Workers and students revolt - Soviets kill thousands
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Suez Crisis 1955, Egypt strengthens communist ties and seizes control of Suez Canal from GB and Fr GB, Fr, and Israel attack Egypt; USSR supports Egypt and threatens missile attacks United Nations imposes cease fire leaving canal in Egyptian hands
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Eisenhower Doctrine Following Soviet support of Egypt, Eisenhower offers aid to any nation in the Middle East fighting communism (Truman Doctrine for the Middle East)
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Sputnik October 1957, Soviets launch first man-made satellite into orbit (Sputnik) Leads to education reforms in the US: science and math (NDEA $1B) NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
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U-2 Incident 1959 - High altitude CIA spy plane, U-2, was shot down while taking pictures of the USSR Pilot survives and is sent to prison in the USSR Incident ends thaw in the Cold War
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