1. EURO-AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC RELATIONS IN THE WAKE OF 9/11 The Plaza Hotel, Oslo May 18, 2005 14.25-14.50 A European Perspective Ragnhild Sohlberg, Ph.D; Scientific Secretary, EURAB ragnhild.sohlberg@hydro.com

2. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt2 Outline Some approximate history and ”foresight” Shifts in ”point of gravity” Europe today: ”Variable geometry” The Framework Programs and ”INCO” EU-US scientific cooperation US-Norway scientific cooperation Competition or cooperation?

3. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt3 Before approx. 1400 Asia + Middle East + Med.

4. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt4 Approx. 1400-2000+? Europe + N. America

5. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt5 Approx. 2000+  ??? S.E. Asia + N. Pacific?

6. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt6 Regional Population Trends (mill.)

7. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt7 Relative investment in R&D (2000) Source: UNESCO/OECD/ St.meld.20 (2004-2005)

8. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt8 European Paradox The contradiction between excellence in scientific research and the failure to exploit this for technological and economic benefits “One of Europe’s major weaknesses lies in its inferiority in terms of transforming the results of technological research and skills into innovations and competitive advantages. “ Green Paper on Innovation, 1995

9. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt9 Norway EU-15 United States Expenditure on R&D, as a percentage of GDP, 2002 or latest available year Japan China: €64B= 1,1%

10. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt10 GDP (€ B), 2002 Source: EU, Key figures 2003-2004

11. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt11 Annual RTD Expenditures (approx. € B, 2001) EU-15175 EU-25178 est. USA315 Japan143 China 64..and growing EU DG RTD (FP6) 5+ = ca 3%+ of EU-15 EU DG RTD (FP7)10? (on the avg. 2007-13) (leverages other funding sources!) Source: EU Key Figures, 2004, Fig. I-1a

12. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt12 Not only multiple languages and cultural diversity.. but a diversity of constellations! Europe???

13. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt13 EU/EEA/EFTA and USA EU-15EU-25Norway, Iceland, Licht- enstein Switz- erland NorwayUSA Popu- lation (mill) 3754504.87.44.5275 EEA EFTA

14. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt14 Participants in EU-RTD 31 + 2 countries EU-25 Association agreements: Candidate countries: Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey Non-cand., EEA-countries: Norway, Iceland, Lichtenstein Non-cand., S&T Association: Switzerland, Israel (32/49 European countries) http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/iscp/index_en.cfm?page=Countries&locati on=Europe RTD = research and technology development

15. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt15 Areas for cooperation (develop and share knowledge) High cost, high risk research Infectious diseases related to poverty Biodiversity and environmental sustainability Better/new forms of energy Global warming and climate change Food safety and security of supply Security The demographic challenge Science education and communication Etc… 1+1 > 2?

16. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt16 EU and INCO INCO =International (scientific) Cooperation (policy)

17. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt17 EU and INCO Proposal for FP7: Opening up of all activities carried out in the thematic areas to researchers and research institutions from all third countries, with a strong effort to encourage them to seize this opportunity. Specific co-operation actions in each thematic area dedicated to third countries in the case of mutual interest in co-operating on particular topics. ……implemented in coordination with those under “People” and “Capacities”. “Third country” = a State that is neither a Member State nor an associated State.

18. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt18 EU Thematic Priorities: FP7 (2007-2013) (Using all funding schemes, including international cooperation) 1. Health 2. Food, agriculture and biotechnology 3. Information and communication technologies 4. Nanosciences, nanotechnologies, materials and new production technologies 5. Energy 6. Environment (incl. climate change) 7. Transport (incl. aeronautics) 8. Socio-economic sciences and the humanities (new) 9. Security and space (security = new) + Ideas = European Research Council/frontier research

19. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt19 EU-US scientific cooperation: Status http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/headlines/news/article_05_02_08_en.html EU-US S&T Cooperation Agreement http://www.eurunion.org/legislat/STE/EUUSS&TCoopAgree.htm ”share and exploit the benefits of knowledge” 1st agreement in 1998, renewed 2004 Joint research in meteorology, environment, materials sciences (incl. nano.tech), non-nuclear and renewable energies (incl. hydrogen), and a joint EU-US task force on biotechnology ERA-Link http://www.eurunion.org/legislat/STE/ERALink.htm Approx. 85 000 European-born researchers currently living in the US Dialogue, seminars (incl. AAAS annual conference, 2005)

20. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt20 Norway: Borderless research policy 1. Active participation in EU’s FPs 2. Strengthening bilateral cooperation Priority to North America and Japan 3. Attractive host country for research 4. Global partner in research Science councellors in Brussels and Wash. DC Technology attachés in the US and Japan, etc. Strategy for research and technology cooperation with North America, 2004

21. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt21 Norway as a host nation Transfer of knowledge and competence to and from Norway Capitalize on national comparative advantages, e.g. National/geographic (Svalbard, Antarctic, databases, biobanks and health registers, family trees over generations, etc) Infrastructure and scientific equipment Strong position in peace research and conflict resolution

22. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt22 Common thematic priorities ”Copy cats ” or Good basis for cooperation? Collaborate on development/sharing of new knowledge ”Two heads better than one!” Compete on applications…but collaborate where appropriate

23. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt23 Both --thank you! Competition or cooperation? Winnie-the-Pooh Rabbit

24. R.Sohlberg, Euro-American Scientific Relations.ppt24 Thank you for your attention!