1. 1. What traits do you get from your parents? 2. Which traits don’t you get from your parents?

2. 10.2

3.  Austrian monk ◦ Time  Physics student ◦ Math ◦ Scientific method  Monastery ◦ Garden

4.  Mendel experimented with heredity in peas ◦ Passing of traits from parents to offspring  This is called genetics

5.  Mendel used true-breeding plants: ◦ produce offspring identical to themselves.  Mendel studied 7 different phenotypes in pea plants. ◦ Observable traits  Ex.) (Tall, short, wrinkled)

6.  All hybrids showed only 1 trait  Genotype (genes) controls phenotype (traits)

7.  Genes have two different alleles (versions of a gene) ◦ On homologous chromosomes

8.  Homozygous – two same alleles (TT or tt) ◦ Either trait can be seen  Heterozygous - two different alleles (Tt) ◦ Dominant will be seen ◦ Recessive “covered up”

9.  Law of segregation ◦ Two alleles separate during gamete formation ◦ Combine during fertilization

10.  Law of independent assortment ◦ Genes for different traits separate independently  Don’t affect each other

11.  What is Genetics?  How did Mendel help influence the study of genetics?

12. 1. List the 2 laws Mendel came up with.

14.  The chance that something will happen ◦ Fraction, ratio, or percentage ◦ Coin flip ½, 1:2, 50%  Used by Mendel ◦ Predicting outcomes of crosses ◦ % that will be short/tall/purple/white, etc.

15.  Created in 1905 by Reginald Punnett ◦ Predicts outcomes (probabilities) ◦ Shows genotypes of parents and offspring  Represented by letters  Dominant = capital recessive = lowercase

16.  Make a square, split it in quarters (or sixteenths)  Parents alleles written on top and left side  Connect alleles into boxes for offspring

17.  Parents differ in only one trait ◦ Law of segregation ◦ Each parent passes on 1 of their 2 alleles ◦ Ratio: 3:1

18.  Involves two different traits (height and color) ◦ Law of independent assortment ◦ 4 boxes across to show all combinations ◦ 9:3:3:1

19. 1. Compare and contrast monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. 2. Make a Punnett square for a cross between a “aa” (blue-eyed) parent and a “Aa” (brown-eyed) parent.