1. (7 th ) Chapter 5-2 Cornell Notes Mendel’s Work

2. Chapter 5-2: Key Questions What is probability and how does it help explain the results of genetic crosses? Answer: ______________________________________________ What is meant by genotype and phenotype? Answer: ______________________________________________ What is codominance? Answer: ______________________________________________

3. Chapter 5-2: Key Terms probability- Punnett square- phenotype- genotype-

4. Chapter 5-2: Key Terms homozygous- heterozygous- codominance-

5. Chapter 5-2 Paragraph 1 probability: chance that a certain event will happen, likely not definite; independent probability: (ex) coin toss, each toss doesn’t affect other tosses; dependent probability: (ex) bag of coins, each coin taken out changes probability.

6. Chapter 5-2 Question: What is the probability of rolling a 7 with two dice? (Clue: total possible number of outcomes is 36.) 1. 1/6 2. 1/12 3. 7/12

7. Chapter 5-2 Paragraph 2 Mendel first scientist to apply laws of probability to genetic crosses.

8. Chapter 5-2 Problem: What can you infer from Mendel’s application of probability to his genetic crosses? He probably learned about mathematics at the monastery.

9. Chapter 5-2 Paragraph 3 Punnett square: a genetic tool; it is a chart to show possible outcomes of genetic crosses; resembles multiplication square; allele pairs inside are possible outcomes; outcomes based on probability.

10. Chapter 5-2 Summary: What do you get when you cross a heterozygous parent (Aa) with a recessive parent (aa)? 1. 25% recessive children 2. 50% recessive children 3. 75% recessive children

11. Chapter 5-2 Paragraph 4 phenotype: physical/visible appearance; genotype: genetic makeup/allele pairs; homozygous: two identical alleles (purebred); heterozygous: two different alleles (hybrid).

12. Chapter 5-2 Participation: Please turn to your partner and explain the difference between phenotype and genotype.

13. Chapter 5-2 Paragraph 5 Mendel’s peas alleles either dominant or recessive; not always true, sometimes alleles are neither; codominance: when both alleles are expressed; written as capital letters with superscripts.

14. Chapter 5-2 Speculation: What colors do you think that the parents of this codominant offspring are?