2. Win Phillips, Ph.D

3. Win Phillips, Ph.D. Clinical Assistant Professor University of Missouri Columbia, MO

4. Upon completion of this lecture, the student will be able to:  Define and describe the hardware components of computer systems  Identify the basic elements of computer networks

5.  Types of computer Mainframe Mini Microcomputer Notebook / laptop Slate / tablet PDAs, smartphones, other mobile devices

6.  Central processing unit (CPU) / microprocessor  Motherboard  RAM and ROM  Hard drive  Graphics card (VGA, DVI, HDMI)  Optical drive  Disk drive  Other jacks/ports (serial, parallel, USB, eSATA, Firewire)

7.  Input devices Keyboard Mouse and related pointing devices Touchscreen Scanner  Output devices Monitor Printer

8.  Any system in which computers can exchange data or a user can remotely access a computer Two computers exchanging data Group of users accessing common files remotely on central office server Dumb terminal connecting to remote server User surfing Internet

9.  Communication and sharing of information  Sharing resources  Transactions/services

10.  Cables and wiring  Network cards (wired, wireless)  Modems  Hubs  Switches  Routers  Servers

11.  Among the many possible ways: Scope: extent Structure: physical or logical arrangement

12.  Can distinguish among different geographic expanses among the computers connected by the network Local area network (LAN) within office building Metropolitan area network (MAN) within a city Wide area network (WAN) linking cities across country

13.  Variety of architectures and topologies Peer-to-peer Client-server Bus, ring, star topologies Distributed computing Virtual Private Networks

14.  Open Systems Interconnection, developed by International Organization for Standardization (ISO)  Seven layers – from highest to lowest 7. Application 6. Presentation 5. Session 4. Transport 3. Network 2. Data link 1. Physical

15.  For each layer, various protocols/standards, including following small sample 7. Application (HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol; FTP – File Transfer Protocol; Telnet) 6. Presentation (MIME – Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions; SSL – Secure Sockets Layer) 5. Session (NetBIOS – Network Basic Input/Output System; PPTP – point to point tunneling protocol) 4. Transport (TCP – Transmission Control Protocol; UDP – User Datagram Protocol) 3. Network (IVv4 - Internet Protocol version 4; IPv6; Appletalk) 2. Data link (Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM); Frame Relay, IEEE 802.3 – Ethernet) 1. Physical (POTS – telephone; SONET – synchronous optical networking (fiber optic cable); OTN – optical transport network (fiber optic cable); IEEE 802.3 – Ethernet; USB; Bluetooth; DSL – digital subscriber line)

16.  ARPANET among a few universities in 1969  TCP/IP (transmission control protocol / internet protocol), for encapsulating data content into packets for transmission, became standard in 1982  In 1990 Tim Berners-Lee invents Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), creates first Browser, enabling display of graphics on Internet

17.  Internet Protocol (IP) address: each computer assigned IP address  Internet Service Provider (ISP): computer connects to local node of Internet by local ISP  Network Service Provider (NSP): local and regional ISPs connect to large Network Service Providers

18.  Domain Name Service (DNS): Multitude of DNS servers exist throughout Web to translate URL of Website into IP address of Website  Website is hosted on server computer that can respond to requests by sending IP packets back to user’s computer

19.  In this lecture we discussed  Hardware components of computer systems  Basic elements of computer networks