1. Chapter 8 Highlights APES 2014 Mrs. Thompson

2. Key Ideas Use the formation of the earth to explain the distribution of elements and mineral resources Use plate tectonic theory to predict certain environmental disturbances and climate patterns Explain how soil forms and describe characteristics of different types of soil Describe how minerals are extracted for use and identify key steps that have environmental impact

3. A Long time ago….. The elements found on earth were decided when an ancient star exploded to form our own planetary nebula

4. Formation of the Earth The first stars were only constructed of Hydrogen and Helium Within the core of a star, H and He are fused together to form elements lithium through Iron Anything heavier than Iron can only be made through Super Nova!

6. Formation of the Earth This tells us that our solar system was constructed from debris left over after older stars exploded

7. A Long time ago…..

8. Formation of the Earth This also determines which elements are common and which are not Rare Earth Elements are Less common = more $$$$$

10. Patterns More lighter elements than heavier elements on earth Lighter elements in the atmosphere and crust Heavier elements in the core/mantle But lucky for us- Lots of …… – Carbon – Oxygen – Nitrogen – Phosphorus

11. Plate interactions explain many disturbances

12. Plate collisions = volcanoes and earthquakes Subduction and rising magma recycle minerals in the crust

13. Plate interactions explain many disturbances Plate collisions = volcanoes and earthquakes Ash can improve nutrients in soil, but too much kills animals and plants Ash in the air is hazardous to people and animals and can also damage equipment and transportation Volcanic rocks make rich soil good for farming Debris and pyroclastic flows destroy habitat and require primary succession to take place

14. Plate interactions explain many disturbances Plate collisions = volcanoes and earthquakes – Earthquakes can cause landslides but may also open cracks in rocks that improve water transport – Collapsing buildings cause many casualties – Earthquakes also cause damage to gas lines and may crack storage containers leading to the release of toxic chemicals

15. Warm Up Copy the agenda and learning targets for the week.

16. Mining http://e360.yale.edu/feature/leveling_appalac hia_the_legacy_of_mountaintop_removal_mi ning/2198/ http://e360.yale.edu/feature/leveling_appalac hia_the_legacy_of_mountaintop_removal_mi ning/2198/ What are the impacts of mountaintop removal? What steps are being taken to mitigate the impact?