1. KIT DRESS TRAP STRUT LOT FOOT CLOSE (HIGH BACK FRONT OPEN (LOW) FLEECE NURSE PALM THOUGHT GOOSE

2. CLOSE (HIGH BACK FRONT OPEN (LOW)

3. CLOSE (HIGH BACK FRONT OPEN (LOW)

4. Vowels - summary Learn chart positions: front – central - back close (high) – mid – open (low Learn symbols and keywords for 6 lax vowels + “schwa” 5 tense vowels 8 diphthongs (diphthongs are also tense vowels)

5. Difference between lax and tense vowels lax vowels are short tense vowels are long but are subject to clipping

6. Clipping A tense vowels (or diphthong) is CLIPPED (shortened) when a fortis consonant immediately follows it.

7. FORTIS and LENIS consonants 16 consonants occur in PAIRS, fortis and lenis FORTIS consonants are unovoiced LENIS consonants are often (but not always) voiced (This is not the only distinction between fortis and lenis. We’ll discuss this later.)

8. fortis: lenis: pie, buy tie, die key, gay fine, vine think, this ice, eyes mission, vision church, judge

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