1. Science Funding and Shaping Science Policy SCB at Foothills Brewing January 2015 Mark O. Lively Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry

2. Wake Forest School of Medicine SCB Outline Overview of U.S. Budget (with quiz) National Debt Problem and sequestration National Institutes of Health Shaping Science Policy

3. Wake Forest School of Medicine Overview of U.S. Budget

4. Wake Forest School of Medicine Quiz Number 1 What was the total FY2014 U.S. budget? A.$4.3 Trillion B.$1.5 Trillion C.$2.6 Trillion D.$3.5 Trillion E.$4.45

5. Wake Forest School of Medicine Quiz Number 2 What were the total receipts (income) for FY2014? A.$4.35 Trillion B.$1.51 Trillion C.$3.02 Trillion D.$3.73 Trillion E.$4.45

6. Wake Forest School of Medicine Quiz Number 3 What was the FY 2014 budget appropriation for the US National Institutes of Heath? A.$37 Billion B.$10 Billion C.$29.9 Billion D.$5 Billion

7. Wake Forest School of Medicine U.S. Budget Process President’s budget proposal Office of Management and Budget (OMB) prepares budget with input from agencies President presents budget to Congress Congressional process Twelve budget resolutions Appropriations bills for discretionary spending  History of on-time completion is POOR

8. Wake Forest School of Medicine Normal Budget Timeline FY 2016 2014 2015 2013 Congress has not passed all 12 appropriations bills before October 1 st since 1996! Continuing Resolutions (CR) required to temporarily continue spending until appropriations bills are passed.

9. Wake Forest School of Medicine

10. Appropriations Bills Twelve Appropriations bills for discretionary spending: 1.Agriculture 2.Commerce, Justice and Science  NSF 3.Defense 4.Energy and Water 5.Financial Services 6.Homeland Security 7.Interior and Environment 8.Labor, Health and Education  NIH 9.Legislative Branch 10.Military Construction and Veterans Affairs 11.State and Foreign Operations 12.Transportation, Housing and Urban Development

11. Wake Forest School of Medicine

12. The National Debt and Sequestration

13. Wake Forest School of Medicine U.S. National Debt Problem 2014 Total expenditures$3.5 Trillion Total receipts$3.02 Trillion Deficit $483 Billion 2014 GDP$17.4 Trillion Total Debt $18.23 Trillion (107.1% of GDP)

14. Wake Forest School of Medicine Budget Control Act of 2011 Established the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction to identify $1.5 trillion in deficit reduction over FY2012 - FY2021. Committee charged with achieving deficit reduction with no restrictions on how they accomplish the net reductions in the deficit. Joint committee was unable to achieve $1.5 trillion in deficit reduction, so: 1.The amount of additional borrowing was limited to $1.2 trillion rather than $1.5 trillion. 2.Sequestration was triggered to make cuts of $1.2 trillion on Jan. 2, 2013 http://www.prime-policy.com/practitioners-corner/budget-control-act-breakdown

15. Wake Forest School of Medicine Sequestration could return in 2016 $$ equal to the difference between the cap set in the Budget Resolution and the amount appropriated is "sequestered"  not provided as appropriated. Every agency will have the same percentage of its appropriation withheld - "across the board" cuts.  But Congress has exempted certain very large programs from sequestration: Social Security and parts of Defense. Sequestration would have to take back gigantic shares of the budgets of the remaining programs in order to achieve the total cutbacks required. Sequestration was suspended for FY2014 and FY2015 but will return in FY2016 if Congress does not act. Edvard Munch

16. Wake Forest School of Medicine National Institutes of Health

17. Wake Forest School of Medicine National Institutes of Health: The Major Biomedical Research Engine World’s largest source of biomedical funding Funds basic & clinical research Sustains US global leadership Fuels developments of new technologies and creation of high-tech industries Creates and supports skilled jobs Prepares the next generation of students, teachers, scientists, business leaders.

18. Wake Forest School of Medicine http://dpcpsi.nih.gov/council/pdf/Council_of_Councils_090512.pdf

19. Wake Forest School of Medicine Challenging Times for NIH Funding Appropriations for science are decreasing Application success rates falling Biomedical Research & Development Index (BRDPI) increasing ~2% / year http://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/gbiPriceIndexes.html http://officeofbudget.od.nih.gov/gbiPriceIndexes.html Research institutions increasingly dependent on NIH support

20. Wake Forest School of Medicine NIH Appropriations 1960-2014 Inflation Adjusted http://www.faseb.org/Policy-and-Government-Affairs/Data-Compilations/NIH-Research-Funding-Trends.aspx

21. Wake Forest School of Medicine http://www.faseb.org/Policy-and-Government-Affairs/Data-Compilations/NIH-Research-Funding-Trends.aspx

22. Wake Forest School of Medicine http://www.faseb.org/Policy-and-Government-Affairs/Data-Compilations/NIH-Research-Funding-Trends.aspx

23. Wake Forest School of Medicine What Can We Do? Shaping Science Policy Scientists must be involved in the decision making

24. Wake Forest School of Medicine

25. Engage your Congressional Representatives Communicate with information that will help them understand your position Meet with them – at home or in Washington. Always treat staffers like Members. Know your issues. Now their issues AND how they vote. Know the process in Congress

26. Wake Forest School of Medicine Contact your Representatives Communications with the offices are IMPORTANT! 1.Telephone the Washington or local office 2.Send emails or faxes 3.Avoid postal mail for timely input – physical mail still can take weeks to arrive because of required screening (recall 2001 anthrax scare) 4.Request a meeting The staff member is just as important, maybe more so, than meeting the member Have your message prepared with your “Ask” clearly defined – 3 speeches

27. Wake Forest School of Medicine Communicate with the Funding Agencies Get to know the leaders of your funding agency NIH NSF USDA DOE Understand their organizations and processes

28. Wake Forest School of Medicine Professional Societies of Scientists Work with your professional society Most have paid public affairs staff members Participate in formulation of positions Join a professional society if you are not already a member Participate in the society public affairs activities Join your society visits to Washington to meet with your representatives

29. Wake Forest School of Medicine FASEB: 27 Societies Representing >120,000 Members

30. Thank you mlively@wakehealth.edu