1. Ubiquitous Smart Devices and Applications for Disaster Preparedness Presenter: Edward Chu YunTech University, Taiwan Co-Authors: W. P Liao, Y. Z. Ou, C. S. Shih and J. W. S. Liu 2012 International Symposium on UbiCom Frontiers - Innovative Research, Systems and Technologies (UFirst ), Japan 1

2. Motivation Advances in disaster detection/prediction technologies  Faster and more precise disaster information 台灣地震速報系統 Earthquake Early Warning (EWW) in Japan 2

3. Motivation Maturity of Information Communication Technologies  Make information handy for everyone 3

4. Motivation According to Red Cross, major natural disasters killed more than 300 thousands people and caused estimated 123 billions US dollars damage in 2010. (Highest yearly death tolls of the decade!!!) 4

5. intelligent Guard against Disasters (iGaDs) iGaDs are systems/devices/applications that can Receive standard-conforming alerting messages Process and take corresponding actions automatically  Provide more time to prepare for disasters The following presentation includes: 1. Standard-based Alerting Message 2. Current Emergency Alert System 3. Use scenarios for iGaDs 4. Architecture and prototypes of iGaDs Contributions 5

6. Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) –North America (USA, Canada) –IPAWS, Open standard, XML format Japan disaster Mitigation and prevention information XML format (JMX) –Japan –J-Alert( 全国瞬時警報システム ) Standard of EU-Alert –Europe –European Public Warning System Standard-based Alerting Message 6

7. CAP Message Delivery in USA 7

8. Common Alerting Protocol v1.2 An open standard alerting message format designed for : Both human readable and machine readable (XML format) Automatically generated by sensors and send to information systems Exchange between emergency information systems Backward compatible to SAME(Specific Area Message Encoding) Broadcast to general public through all possible communication path CAP is the standard in North America now (USA and Canada) 8

9. XML Parsers Document Object Model (DOM) Simple API for XML (SAX) CAP specific XML parsers: CAP Library (Java), RCAP (Ruby) 9

10. Alert xmlns: … Sender: Central Weather Bureau Status: Actual MsgType: Alert Scope: Public Info Category: Geo Event: Earthquake Urgency: Immediate Severity: Strong Certainty: Observed Description: A strong earthquake measuring 7.2 occurred in … Parameters: Magnitude, depth, … Areas: Polygons specifying affected areas Resources: … … A Future Scenario - Automatic Preparedness 10

11. ?xmlns version = “1.0” <alert xmlns = … … Earthquake Immediate Strong Observed … Magnitude 7.2 … 32.9525 -115.5585 0 … ?xmlns version = “1.0” alert xmlns = … … Earthquake Immediate Strong Observed Alert extraction Action activation rule evaluation Device interface Elevator controller Alert extraction Action activation rule evaluation Device interfaces iGaDsiGaDs An earthquake of magnitude 7.2 hits. Your area is safe now. Stay calm and … Elevator in normal building: (Event == Earthquake) AND (Magnitude >= 6) Elevator in Taipei 101: (Event == Earthquake) AND (Magnitude >= 7) 11

12. An Example of CAP-Aware Application ?xmlns version = “1.0” <alert xmlns = … … Earthquake Immediate Strong Observed … Magnitude 7.2 … 32.9525 -115.5585 0 … 12

13. Strong earthquake CAP alert … Earthquake, Stay calm, Move to Checkout counters Follow directions as indicated by either arrows to a safer place 13

14. iGad CAP-aware elevator controller CAP-aware building management system CAP-aware entry access controller iGaD iGaDs in Smart Homes and Buildings (AlertType == Earthquake) AND (Magnitude>= 7.5) OR (AlertType == Tornado) AND (Severity >= 4) (AlertType == Earthquake) AND (Magnitude >= 6) OR (AlertType == Tornado) AND (Severity >= 3) AND (OutsideAirPressure * THRESHOLD_RATIO < InsideAirPressure) 14

15. CAP Message Processor –Receives and authenticates CAP messages –Extracts needed information from CAP messages Device Controller –Matches rules with extracted information and local sensor data by rule engine –Filters out messages not in affected areas –Controls devices according to matched rules General Architecture of iGaDs CAP Message Processor Alert type & information Alert records Affected areas Alert message buffer Modem Signature validation XML parser Location filter Device Controller Device interfaces Configuration files Device location Resources Local data Rule processor Rule engine Activation parameters and rules 15

16. CAP message publisher Embedded Linux Smartphone App Prototypes of iGaDs CAP Message Processor Alert type & information Alert records Affected areas Alert message buffer Modem Signature validation XML parser Location filter Device Controller Device interfaces Configuration files Device location Resources Local data Rule processor Rule engine Activation parameters and rules 16

17. iGad CAP Message Publisher CAP_PUBLISHER 1.capMsg ← Read a CAP file 2.capMsg ← Remove ‘\n’ in capMsg 3.Connect to PubNub cloud 4.Call publish() to push capMsg END PubNub cloud service: push real-time messages to tens of millions of unique IP addresses CAP Publisher 17

18. iGaDs (Embedded Linux) CAP messages FirendlyARM Mini6410 18

19. PHP SimpleXML, PHP Business Rules iGaDs (Embedded Linux) IGADS_LINUX 1.Connect to PubNub cloud and wait for message 2.capMsg ← Receive a CAP message from PubNub 3.Fork a process to run IGADS_LINUX 4.capDOM ← Call SimpleXML, convert capMsg to a DOM object 5.capDOM ← Extract Event, Parameters from capDOM 6.capDOM ← Load and add sensor data (local data) 7.Call FUNCTION RULE_ENGINE(capDOM) 8.Go back to 1. END FUNCTION RULE_ENGINE( capDOM ) 1.RE ← Create PHP Business Rule Engine Object 2.RE reads and parses rules from file 3.Insert capDOM to RE 4.Call RE->fireAll() to start rule matching END 19

20. iGaDs (Smartphone App) 20

21. jQuery Mobile and JavaScript (PhoneGap) XML.ObjTree, JSRulez iGaDs (Smartphone App) IGADS_SMARTPHONE 1.Connect to PubNub cloud and wait for message 2.capMsg ← Receive a CAP message from PubNub 3.capJS ← Call XML.ObjTree convert capMsg to a JavaScript object 4.capJS ← Extract Event, Parameter from capJS 5.Call RULE_ENGINE(capDOM) 6.Go back to 1. END FUNCTION RULE_ENGINE( capJS ) 1.RE ← Create JSRulez Rule Engine Object 2.RE reads and parses rules from file 3.Insert capJS to RE 4.Call RE->runAll() to start rule matching END 21

22. Rule Format priority: 1, condition: function(cap){ return cap.event === “Earthquake” && cap.valueName === “Magnitude” && cap.value >=6 } action: function() { window.alert(“Huge earthquake coming!”); } rule “Earthquake” priority=1 context Parameter $param if $param->event == ‘Earthquake’ && $param->valueName == ‘Magnitude’ && $param->value >= 6 then $action[‘LED_Earthquake’]->do_action(); end PHP Business Rule JSRulez 22

23. iGaDs are systems/devices/applications that can receive standard-based alert messages and take corresponding actions to better prepare for disasters iGaDs have flexible architecture and fit different situations and environments Two proof-of-concept prototypes are implemented Summary 23

24. RITMAN Workshop 2012 – Call for paper Workshop on Resilient ICT for Management of Mega Disasters (RITMAN), Taipei, Taiwan, December 17, 2012 (In conjunction with IEEE International Conference on SOCA 2012) Paper Submission Due: September 21, 2012 Acceptance Notification: October 15, 2012 Camera Ready Submission: October 26, 2012 24

25. Topics (not limited) Virtual repository for disaster information Security and privacy for rescue/emergency information Humanitarians issues in disaster management Assessment and Reduction of Uncertainty in Disaster information Crowdsourcing technologies (social sensing ) Case studies in disaster situation analysis and information fusion Resilient communication protocol and infrastructure recovery Configuration and management of faults and failures during big disasters Networking issues in disaster recovery Disaster risk assessment and management Business service continuity management 25 Welcome to Taiwan!

26. Thank You 26

27. Backup 27

28. [1] European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) technical specification, Emergency Communications (EMTEL); European Public Warning System (EU-Alert) using the Cell Broadcast Service [2] Fire and Disaster Management Agency, http://www.fdma.go.jp/en/, and briefing of J-Alert (Japanese)http://www.fdma.go.jp/en/ [3] CAP: Common Alerting Protocol, V1.2, http://docs.oasis-open.org/emergency/cap/v1.2/CAP- v1.2-os.htmlhttp://docs.oasis-open.org/emergency/cap/v1.2/CAP- v1.2-os.html [4] CAP-EAS Implementation Guideline, CAP-EAS Industry Group, May 2010 [5] Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS), http://www.fcc.gov/guides/commercial-mobile-alert- system-cmashttp://www.fcc.gov/guides/commercial-mobile-alert- system-cmas [6] National Weather Radio Specific Area Message Encoding (SAME) System Specification, http://www.nws.noaa.gov/directives/sym/pd01017012curr.pdf http://www.nws.noaa.gov/directives/sym/pd01017012curr.pdf [7] X-10 Communications Protocol and Power Line, http://www.x10pro.com/pro/pdf/technote.pdfhttp://www.x10pro.com/pro/pdf/technote.pdf [8] Universal Powerline Bus (UPB) Version 1.1, http://www.smarthomeusa.com/Common/UPB/UPBdescription.pdf http://www.smarthomeusa.com/Common/UPB/UPBdescription.pdf [9] XML DOM, http://www.w3schools.com/dom/default.asphttp://www.w3schools.com/dom/default.asp [10] E. C. Chee, E. Mohd-Yasin, A. K. Mustaph, “RBStrex: Hardware XML parser for embedded systems,” International Conference for Internet Technology and Secure Transaction, 2009. [11] B. Peuschel, W. Schäfer, "Concepts and implementation of a rule-based process engine", Proceeding of ICSE '92 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Software engineering, pages 262 - 279 [12] C. Choi, et al., “MiRE: a minimal rule engine for context-aware mobile devices,” Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Digital Information Management, November 2008 [13] Japan disaster Mitigation and prevention information XML format (JMX) is in operation!, April 2011 Related Works 28

29. Smart Home and Smart Building CAP messages X-10, Universal Powerline Bus (UPB) 29

30. Rule Engines Rules Rule Engine if (A) { then do something } if (B) { then do something } if (C) { then do something } …… // More if statements Match fact and rules Change program behavior without recompiling code Change program behavior by editing rules Used in many commercial business system Open source rule engines: Drools (Java), JESS (Java), CLIPS, PHP Business Rules (PHP), JSRulez (JavaScript), Logician, MiRE (Embedded system) Main_Program {... } 30

31. Part of IPAWS National TV/radio warning system in USA Specific Area Message Encoding (SAME)  Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) Similar to Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS) Current Emergency Alert System CAP messages 31