1. 1 Chapter 10 Chemical Quantities The Mole Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

2. A measurement of matter How do you measure matter? Count (1 dozen eggs) Mass (1 lb lunch meat) Volume (2 liter soda) Knowing how they relate can enable you to convert 2

3. Conversion review What is the mass of 90 averaged sized apples if 1 dozen of the apples has a mass of 2.0 kg? Known 90 apples 12 apples = 1 dozen 1 dozen apples = 2.0 kg Unknown Mass of 90 apples ? 90 apples X 1 dz apples X 2.0 kg apples =15kg 12 apples1 dz apples 3

4. 4 Molar Mass The molar mass is the mass of 1 mole of an element or compound. is the atomic or molecular mass expressed in grams. Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

5. 5 Molar Mass from Periodic Table Molar mass is the atomic mass expressed in grams. 1 mole of Ag 1 mole of C 1 mole of S = 107.9 g = 12.01 g = 32.07 g Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

6. 6 Give the molar mass for each (to the tenths decimal place). A. 1 mole of K atoms =________ B. 1 mole of Sn atoms =________ Learning Check

7. 7 Give the molar mass for each (to the tenths decimal place). A. 1 mole of K atoms =39.1 g B.1 mole of Sn atoms =118.7 g Solution

8. Guide to Calculation Molar Mass of a Compound 8

9. 9 Molar Mass of a Compound The molar mass of a compound is the sum of the molar masses of the elements in the formula. Example: Calculate the molar mass of CaCl 2. ElementNumber of Moles Atomic MassTotal Mass Ca140.1 g/mole 40.1 g Cl235.5 g/mole 71.0 g CaCl 2 111.1 g

10. 10 Molar Mass of K 3 PO 4 Calculate the molar mass of K 3 PO 4. ElementNumber of Moles Atomic MassTotal Mass in K 3 PO 4 K339.1 g/mole 117.3 g P131.0 g/mole 31.0 g O416.0 g/mole 64.0 g K 3 PO 4 212.3 g

11. 11 Some 1-mole Quantities 32.1 g 55.9 g 58.5 g 294.2 g 342.2 g One-Mole Quantities Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

12. 12 What is the molar mass of each of the following? A. K 2 O B. Al(OH) 3 Learning Check

13. 13 A. K 2 O 94.2 g/mole 2 moles of K (39.1 g/mole) + 1 mole of O (16.0 g/mole) 78.2 g + 16.0 g = 94.2 g B. Al(OH) 3 78.0 g/mole 1 mole of Al (27.0 g/mole) + 3 moles of O (16.0 g/mole) + 3 moles of H (1.01 g/mole) 27.0 g + 48.0 g + 3.03 g = 78.0 g Solution

14. 14 Prozac, C 17 H 18 F 3 NO, is an antidepressant that inhibits the uptake of serotonin by the brain. What is the molar mass of Prozac? 1) 350 g/mole 2) 262 g/mole 3) 309 g/mole Learning Check

15. 15 Prozac, C 17 H 18 F 3 NO, is an antidepressant that inhibits the uptake of serotonin by the brain. What is the molar mass of Prozac? 3) 309 g/mole 17 C (12.0) + 18 H (1.01) + 3 F (19.0) + 1 N (14.0) + 1 O (16.0) = 204 g C + 18.2 g H + 57.0 g F + 14.0 g N + 16.0 g O = 309 g/mole Solution

16. 16 Molar mass conversion factors are fractions (ratios) written from the molar mass. relate grams and moles of an element or compound. for methane, CH 4, used in gas stoves and gas heaters is 1 mole of CH 4 = 16.0 g (molar mass equality) Conversion factors: 16.0 g CH 4 and 1 mole CH 4 1 mole CH 4 16.0 g CH 4 Molar Mass Factors

17. 17 Acetic acid, C 2 H 4 O 2, gives the sour taste to vinegar. Write two molar mass conversion factors for acetic acid. Learning Check

18. 18 Calculate molar mass for acetic acid C 2 H 4 O 2 : 24.0 g C + 4.04 g H + 32.0 g O = 60.0 g/mole C 2 H 4 O 2 1 mole of acetic acid = 60.0 g acetic acid Molar mass factors: 1 mole acetic acid and 60.0 g acetic acid 60.0 g acetic acid 1 mole acetic acid Solution

19. 19 Molar mass factors are used to convert between the grams of a substance and the number of moles. Calculations Using Molar Mass Grams Molar mass factor Moles

20. 20 Aluminum is often used to build lightweight bicycle frames. How many grams of Al are in 3.00 mole of Al? Molar mass equality: 1 mole of Al = 27.0 g of Al Setup with molar mass as a factor: 3.00 mole Al x 27.0 g Al = 81.0 g of Al 1 mole Al molar mass factor for Al Moles to Grams

21. 21 Learning Check Allyl sulfide, C 6 H 10 S, is a compound that has the odor of garlic. How many moles of C 6 H 10 S are in 225 g? Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

22. 22 Calculate the molar mass of C 6 H 10 S. (6 x 12.0) + (10 x 1.01) + (1 x 32.1) = 114.2 g/mole Set up the calculation using a mole factor. 225 g C 6 H 10 S x 1 mole C 6 H 10 S 114.2 g C 6 H 10 S molar mass factor = 1.97 moles of C 6 H 10 S Solution

23. 23 Grams, Moles, and Particles A molar mass factor and Avogadro’s number convert…

24. Grams to molecules How many molecules are there in 15.00 grams of water Determine the molar mass of water (1.00794 X 2) + (15.9994 X 1) = 18.02 g/mol 15.00g X 1 mole X 6.022 X 10 23 molecules 18.02 grams 1 mole 5.013 X 10 23 molecules H 2 O 24

25. 25 Learning Check How many H 2 O molecules are in 24.0 g of H 2 O? 1) 4.52 x 10 23 H 2 O molecules 2) 1.44 x 10 25 H 2 O molecules 3) 8.03 x 10 23 H 2 O molecules

26. 26 Solution How many H 2 O molecules are in 24.0 g of H 2 O? 3) 8.02 x 10 23 24.0 g H 2 O x 1 mole H 2 O x 6.02 x 10 23 H 2 O molecules 18.0 g H 2 O 1 mole H 2 O = 8.03 x 10 23 H 2 O molecules

27. 27 Learning Check If the odor of C 6 H 10 S can be detected from 2 x 10 -13 g in 1 liter of air, how many molecules of C 6 H 10 S are present?

28. 28 Solution If the odor of C 6 H 10 S can be detected from 2 x 10 -13 g in 1 liter of air, how many molecules of C 6 H 10 S are present? 2 x 10 -13 g x 1 mole x 6.02 x 10 23 molecules 114.2 g 1 mole = 1 x 10 9 molecules of C 6 H 10 S are present