2.  What do you call the following phase changes?  Solid to a liquid  Melting  Liquid to a solid  freezing  Liquid to a gas  vaporization  Gas to a liquid  condensation  Solid to a gas  sublimation  Gas to a solid  Deposition

3.  Give an example of a physical change.  Give an example of a chemical change.  Which one of these changes represents water turning from a liquid to a vapor?  What about bread rising?

4.  Give an example of a heterogeneous mixture.  Give an example of a homogeneous mixture.

5.  Give an example of something that represents a mixture.  Give an example of something that represents an element.  Give an example of something that represents a pure substance.  Give an example of something that represents a compound.

6.  Iron, element number 26 has an atomic mass of 55.85 amu.  How many protons does iron have?  In its elemental state, how many electrons does it have?  How many neutrons?  If iron reacts with another element, what ion can it form?

7.  What is the difference between a hypothesis, a theory and a law?  A hypothesis is a possible explanation of a single observed phenomenon. A theory is a set of tested hypotheses that give an overall explanation of some part of nature. A law is a summary of observed, measurable behavior that occurs repeatedly and consistently. Theories attempt to explain such behavior.  Give an example of a theory.  Give an example of a law.  Based on what is a theory considered valid?

8.  Know what Rutherford and Bohr contributed to atomic theory.

9.  Give an example of a state of matter that would have low kinetic energy and high density. (solid, liquid, gas, plasma)  What is a group/family?  Name the groups of the periodic table.

10.  What are the SI units for:  Length  Mass  Volume  Time  Weight

11.  Know the rules for:  Addition/subtraction:  23.098 + 1.45 = 24.548 what is the correct answer?  545.09765 – 3.200 = 541.89765 what is the correct answer?  Multiplication/division  3.50 x 10 23 x 1.0010 x 10 -25 = ?  2.9 x 10 12 ÷ 1 = ?

12.  What is the molar mass of potassium chloride?  What is the percent of carbon by mass in the compound iron (II) carbonate?  What is the empirical formula of a compound that is 78.1%B and 21.9%H?  The molar mass of a compound is 92 g/mol. Analysis of a sample of the compound indicates that it contains 0.606 g N and 1.390 g O. Find its molecular formula.

13.  Name four things that indicate a chemical reaction has taken place.  When magnesium is burned in the presence of oxygen it bursts into bright white light and forms a magnesium oxide. Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction and include phase notation and type of reaction. Label which part represents the reactants and which represents the products.

14.  Be able to identify the following reactions:  Single replacement  Double replacement  Acid-Base (Neutralization)  Combustion  Synthesis  Decomposition

15.  What type of ions do transition metals tend to form?  Know how to name formulas and write them.  What is a derived formula?

16.  The density of gold is 19.3 grams per cubic centimeter.  Calculate the mass of a block of gold that measures 10cm x 15mm x 2.5 cm.  What mass of iron has the same number of atoms as 100.03 grams of iodine?  What is the percent composition of lead (IV) nitrate?  Pb: ________%  N: _______%  O: _______%

17.  c = frequency x wavelength  Energy = Planck’s constant x frequency  c = 3.00 x 10 8 m/s  Planck’s constant = 6.626 x 10 -34 J· s  If a certain wave has a wavelength of 450 nm, how much energy does it have?

18.  What is the shape of a BF 3 molecule?  What is the shape of a CH 4 molecule?  What is the shape of an NH 3 molecule?  What is the shape of a water molecule?

19.  Of the following elements: Cs, S, Al or F, which one becomes smaller when it forms its most common ion?  What is resonance?  Which of the following has a triple bond? H 2, SO 2, N 2

20.  Give an example of a polar molecule.  Give an example of a nonpolar molecule.  What are the characteristics of an ionic compound?

21.  What is the maximum number of valence electrons in the third energy level?  18: 3s 2 3p 6 3d 10  What is the maximum number of electrons in an orbital? 22  What is the maximum number of electrons in a d sublevel?  10

22.  What is the electron configuration for chromium?  1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d?  Which has a higher ionization energy, aluminum or chlorine?  Chlorine  Which has a higher electronegativity, phosphorous or sulfur?  sulfur

23.  What happens to the electrons of an atom when energy is absorbed?  They move to a higher energy level.  What eventually happens to those electrons?  They return to their former energy level and give off a photon of light.  What does it mean when an atom is in its ground state?  The electrons are in the expected energy levels.  Where would you find atoms with 6 valence electrons?  Oxygen group

24.  What is the molar mass of potassium chloride?  KCl 39.10 g + 35.45 g = 74.55 g

25.  What is the percent of carbon by mass in the compound iron (II) carbonate?  FeCO 3  Fe = 55.85  C = 12.01  3O = 48.00  115.86  55.85 ÷ 115.86 x 100 = 48.21% Fe  12.01 ÷ 115.86 x 100 = 10.37% C  48.00 ÷ 115.86 x 100 = 41.43% O

26.  What is the empirical formula of a compound that is 78.1%B and 21.9%H?  78.1 g B 1 mole B  1 x 10.81 g B = 7.22  21.9 g H 1 mole H 1 x 1 = 21.68 Divide both by 7.22 and you get a 1:3 ratio. Therefore the answer is BH 3

27.  The molar mass of a compound is 92 g/mol. Analysis of a sample of the compound indicates that it contains 0.606 g N and 1.390 g O. Find its molecular formula. .606 g N =.0433 moles N  1.390 g O =.0869 mol O  1:2 ratio means the empirical formula is NO 2 which has a molar mass of 46.01 g. Therefore the molecular formula (92 g/mol) is N 2 O 4

28.  The density of gold is 19.3 grams per cubic centimeter.  Calculate the mass of a block of gold that measures 10. cm x 15 mm x 2.5 cm.  Convert mm to cm = 1.5 cm  10. cm x 1.5 cm x 2.5 cm = 37.5 cm 3  Mass = density x volume  Mass = 19.3 g/cm 3 x 37.5 cm 3 = 723.75 g  To two sig. fig. answer is 720 grams

29.  What mass of iron has the same number of atoms as 100.03 grams of iodine?  100.03 g I 2 = 2.373 x 10 23 molecules of I 2 which equals 4.746 x 10 23 atoms of I = atoms of Fe  4.746 x 10 23 atoms Fe = 44.016 g Fe

30.  What is the percent composition of lead (IV) nitrate?  Pb: ________%  N: _______%  O: _______%  Pb(NO 3 ) 4  Pb = 45.51%  N = 12.31%  O = 42.18%

31.  If a certain wave has a wavelength of 450 nm, how much energy does it have?  Convert 450 nm to meters: 4.5 x 10 -7 m  E = (6.626 x 10 -34 J· s)( 3.00 x 10 8 m/s ÷ 4.5 x 10 -7 m)  E = 4.42 x 10 -19 J