1. Lesson 23 Joseph C. Blumenthal

2. In this and the following frames, write down the gerund phrase. 1. Saving the precious topsoil is one of the aims of conversation. ANSWER: Saving the precious topsoil

3. In this and the following frames, write down the gerund phrase. 2. The clerk made an error in adding the figures. ANSWER: adding the figures.

4. In this and the following frames, write down the gerund phrase. 3. Being a road hog increases the likelihood of automobile accidents. ANSWER: Being a road hog

5. In this and the following frames, write down the gerund phrase. 4. Railroads are still one of the cheapest means of hauling heavy loads. ANSWER: hauling heavy loads

6. In this and the following frames, write down the gerund phrase. 5. The next step is removing the tire from the rim. ANSWER: removing the tire from the rim

7. In this and the following frames, write down the gerund phrase. 6. Norman dreaded going to the dentist. ANSWER: going to the dentist

8. 7. We used the old lumber and saved a lot of money. ANSWER: By using old lumber, we saved a lot of money. and Eliminate the and by changing each italicized statement to a gerund phrase used as the object of the preposition. (Prepositions: by, for, of, on, in, before, after, without)

9. 8. The customer left the store, and he didn’t wait for his change. ANSWER: On (before) leaving the store, the customer didn’t wait for his change. and Eliminate the and by changing each italicized statement to a gerund phrase used as the object of the preposition. (Prepositions: by, for, of, on, in, before, after, without)

10. 9. I consulted a number of people and decided to become a chemist. ANSWER: After (by) consulting a number of people, I decided to become a chemist. and Eliminate the and by changing each italicized statement to a gerund phrase used as the object of the preposition. (Prepositions: by, for, of, on, in, before, after, without)

11. 10. Leslie has a handy gadget, and it slices vegetables. ANSWER: Leslie has a handy gadget for slicing vegetables. and Eliminate the and by changing each italicized statement to a gerund phrase used as the object of the preposition. (Prepositions: by, for, of, on, in, before, after, without)

12. 11. Sue got out of the car and turned her ankle. (It happened as Sue was getting out.) ANSWER: In (on, by) getting out of the car, sue turned her ankle. and Eliminate the and by changing each italicized statement to a gerund phrase used as the object of the preposition. (Prepositions: by, for, of, on, in, before, after, without)

13. 12. Paul parked the car on a hill, and he didn’t pull the break. ANSWER: Paul parked the car on a hill without pulling the brake. and Eliminate the and by changing each italicized statement to a gerund phrase used as the object of the preposition. (Prepositions: by, for, of, on, in, before, after, without)

14. 13. Beth had not yet completed her commercial course, and she was offered a good job. (Try before. ) ANSWER: Before completing her commercial course, Beth was offered a good job. and Eliminate the and by changing each italicized statement to a gerund phrase used as the object of the preposition. (Prepositions: by, for, of, on, in, before, after, without)

15. Put the number RIGHT over 13 at the top and c/b and your name at the bottom.