1. Research Topic Preliminary Thesis  Briefly explain the historical situation  Add a transition (e.g. – “today”) and define the current-day parallel  Possible solutions to explore. (For now these will be based on your current knowledge, so they may change.)

2. Intro & Thesis  Engage the reader  Make a generally-accepted broad statement about the topic  Summarize the historical background  Add a transition (e.g. – “today”) and define the current-day parallel  Clearly state why this is a problem and preview 2-3 solutions/approaches

3. Sentence Outline I. Thesis statement  Clearly state your position  Indicate the 2-3 ideas you will use to support your position II. Topic Sentences (1 per paragraph)  2-3 supporting details /evidence to support  Refer to authors by last names.

4. Block Quotes  For quotations that extend to more than four lines of verse or prose, place quotations in a free- standing block of text  Omit quotation marks.  Start the quotation on a new line, with the entire quote indented one inch from the left margin  Maintain double-spacing. Only indent the first line of the quotation by a half inch if you are citing multiple paragraphs. Your parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark.

5. Block Quote Example Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration: They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and there he found it on quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged to confess, and in recompense for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of the house. (Bronte 78)

6. Ellipsis If you omit a word or words from a quotation, you should indicate the deleted word or words by using ellipsis marks, which are three periods (... ) preceded and followed by a space. For example: In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that "some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale... and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs" (78).

7. In-text Citation (Short quotes)  Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as "symbol-using animals" (3).  Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke 3).  We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has “more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change... ” (“Impact of Global Warming” 6).

8. Final Schedule Tues, Nov. 1 (A)/Wed., Nov. 2(B)  Instructor review with questions on Post-Its  Attempt MLA & Works Cites so that I can give you feedback before I grade them! Thurs. Nov. 3(A)/Fri., Nov. 4 (B)  Final work day (another extension) Mon., Nov. 7/Tues., Nov. 8 FINAL DRAFTS DUE!

9. MLA Format

10. Works Cited Format  Begin your Works Cited page on a separate page at the end of your research paper. It should have the same one-inch margins and last name, page number header as the rest of your paper.  Label the page Works Cited (do not italicize the words Works Cited or put them in quotation marks)  Center the words Works Cited at the top of the page.  Double space all citations, but do not skip spaces between entries.  Use a hanging indent

11. Works Cited Content  Alphabetize by first item (author or title)  Follow order given on MLA source—NOT on the source list!  No URL is required

12. Submit with your final draft…  Final Draft  Peer Reviewed Draft  2 sources that are cited in your paper