1. TEACHING DEVICES FOR INCREASING STUDENT LEARNING FROM LECTURES By Kim Bueno

2. Lectures: Overview  Lectures can be boring and useless.  Teachers lecture for college preparation.  Lectures aren’t affective for EVERY student. Here are some teaching devices for increasing student learning from lectures…

3. #1 Simply Slow Down  Teachers lecture too quickly  Students with special needs cannot make sense of what the teacher is saying  Cognitive overload  Frustration is reduced  Motivation is increased  Perception is increased Why teachers need to slow down… This is an effective strategy because…

4. #2 The Pause Procedure  Students feel overwhelmed.  Pausing will allow students to…  Retrieve information that they missed  Discuss the information with their classmates  Summarize  Review notes  Frustration is reduced  Motivation is increased  Perception is increased Why pause during lectures? The pause procedure is an affective lecturing device because…

5. #3 Solicit Students’ Examples  Motivation is stronger  Attention is secured  Confusion is avoided  Memory is activated Example: Teaching Global Warming Soliciting students’ examples is a powerful strategy because…  We can relate global warming in terms that adolescents will understand  The earth is like a greenhouse

6. #4 Cue Critical Points  It is important for teachers to cue the main points.  Written cues are more effective than verbal cues.  Use repetition as cuing.  Cue Words:  first, next, alternatively, in contrast, finally.  Lecturing Cues:  Say it 3 times  Hold up 1 finger  Ask for a “drum roll”  Say to write it down  Motivation is increased  Discrimination between important information and less important information is ensured  Frustration is decreased  Attention is activated Cuing Critical Points enhances student learning because…

7. #5 Explicitly Teach the BIG Ideas  Crucial for Students with disabilities  Instead of teaching every idea, focus on the one or two main ideas  Motivation is ensured  Attention is captured  Discrimination is enhanced  Memory is strengthened Teaching the BIG ideas is good for all learners, but especially for learners with special needs because…

8. #6 Provide a Plethora of Examples  To better define the concept  Ex: A Yellow Lab and Chinese Crested are both dogs but look much different.  The number of examples required depends on 4 factors: 1. Variations must be addressed 2. Will nonessential attributes be mistaken for essential attributes 3. Complexity of the concept 4. Number of ways the concept may be applied  Motivation is increased  Attention is stronger  Confusion is decreased  Memory is enhanced Why use many examples? This is an effective strategy because… Golden Retriever Chinese Crested

9. #7 Provide Non-examples  They highlight the main attributes  2 kinds of non-examples: 1. Intuitive non-examples 2. Non-intuitive examples  These are very stressed in Physics and geometric concepts  Ex: Equilateral Triangle  Discrimination between the target concept and similar concepts is made more clear  Memory is supported Why are Non-examples important? Non-examples are effective lecturing devices because…