1. Review

2. Countries that are experiencing economic growth and democratization are often known as _____ countries. a. newly developing b. newly industrializing * c. less-developed d. peripheral

3. Countries that are experiencing weak economic and political development are often known as _____ countries. a. newly developing b. newly industrializing c. less-developed * d. peripheral

4. _____ was one important concept spread by European imperialism. a. Sovereignty b. Ethnicity c. Nationalism d. All of the above were important concepts spread by European imperialism.*

5. Tariff and non-tariff barriers are policy tools commonly found under a. import substitution.* b. liberalism. c. debt-based agriculturalism. d. centralized developmentalism.

6. Import substitution is influenced by which of the following political economic systems? a. mercantilism and communism* b. communism and social democracy c. liberalism and anarchism d. communism and fascism

7. The lack of state autonomy in less-developed countries often leads to a. kleptocracy. b. military rule. c. undue influence from international actors. d. All of the above.*

8. Asian countries are often cited for their utilization of what is known as a. the economic curve. b. the product life cycle.* c. technological descent. d. product peripheralism.

9. What is the objective of terrorism? Of revolution? How are the two related? Terrorism – Strategic agenda that focuses on non-state actors Revolution – Political agenda that focuses on state actors Terrorism as a means for future revolution.

10. What are the three approaches to understanding political violence? What do they each look for in explaining political violence? 1.) Ideational – ideas, religion, nationalism, 2.) institutional – political, societal, economic explanations for variation in political violence. (authoritarian, democratic, globalization, civil society, etc.) 3) individual – focuses on leaders as rational actors.

11. One of the problems with external attempts to reform less-developed states has been a. the requirement to disband their armed forces. b. “one-size-fits-all” programs.* c. an over-emphasis on local conditions and cultures. d. the use of loans with floating interest rates.

12. Women in less-developed countries have been particularly active in the creation of a. large businesses. b. nongovernmental organizations*. c. political parties. d. ethnic conflict.

13. One recent innovation to help alleviate poverty in poorer countries is the use of what is known as _____. a. macrofinance b. microcredit* c. mesofunding d. structural loans

14. One of the distinctions made with regard to globalization and past waves of human interaction is the difference between a. thick and thin connections.* b. shallow and deep connections. c. narrow and wide connections. d. horizontal and vertical connections.

15. Globalization can be viewed as a process by which global connections become more a. intensive or “thick.”* b. interactive or “shared.” c. decentralized or “local.” d. centralized or “hardened.”

16. Globalization is often associated with the growth in power of all of the following entities except: a. nongovernmental organizations. b. intergovernmental organizations. c. multinational corporations. d. central banks.

17. All of these are concerns for state sovereignty. Nongovernmental orgs – Amnesty int., red cross – Organizations not associated with any particular government. IGOs – EU, UN – orgs that states voluntarily join into to further their own interests. – integration. MNCs – Microsoft, GE – large corps that operate in many different countries.

18. The constraining of state autonomy and capacity by economic globalization has been termed the a. “golden handcuffs.” b. “golden straightjacket.”* c. “gilded cage.” d. “ivory tower.”

19. Optimists believe that societal globalization could lead to a form of global a. cosmopolitanism.* b. parochialism. c. obscurantism. d. solipsism.

20. Is globalization a primarily beneficial or detrimental development? What are some of the arguments for each perspective? Up to debate. Pros. – Pol – less violence b/c bound together by interesets – less transperance – more democracy Economic : trade and investment become linked Societal: Global society Cons: different violence not no violence (terrorism), societal – overwhelmed with different cultures, lack of identity, fundamentalist backlash, economic inequality, less democracy b/c power goes to NGOs, IGOs, MNCs, and further from voters Jihad and Mcworld

21. Over the past twenty-five years the political identity of those surveyed a. has become primarily international. b. has become primarily tribal. c. has remained strongly national and local.* d. has become primarily environmental.

22. All of the following are given as possible barriers to further globalization except: a. economic crisis. b. multinational corporations.* c. international war. d. public opposition.

23. Political violence is defined as a. violence outside of state control that is politically motivated.* b. violence conducted by the state that is politically motivated. c. violence conducted against civilians. d. violence conducted by one state against another.

24. Which of the following is an example of an institutional explanation for political violence? a. radicalism b. humiliation c. capitalism* d. religion

25. Nihilism can be defined as a. a belief that all institutions and values are essentially meaningless.* b. a belief that all institutions and values are equally valid. c. a belief that all institutions and values should embrace pacifism. d. a belief that all institutions and values are a gift from God.

26. The relationship between terrorism and revolution is a. one of means and ends.* b. that they are on opposite ends of the political spectrum. c. that they are unrelated. d. that only the latter is legitimate.