1. Bell Ringer 2/19/16 1.Which astronomer developed the “Law of Universal Gravitation”? 2.What causes planets and other space objects to revolve around the Sun rather than going off in a straight line? a)Inertia – once an object is traveling in a circle it will keep traveling in a circle b)Pressure – the air in space pushes the object toward the Sun c)Gravity – the Sun pulling the object d)Gravity – the object is pulling the Sun towards it. 3. How does the amount of gravity on a planet or moon affect the mass and weight of an astronaut? a)The astronauts weight changes but his mass stays the same. b)The astronauts mass changes but his weight stays the same. 1.Which astronomer developed the “Law of Universal Gravitation”? 2.What causes planets and other space objects to revolve around the Sun rather than going off in a straight line? a)Inertia – once an object is traveling in a circle it will keep traveling in a circle b)Pressure – the air in space pushes the object toward the Sun c)Gravity – the Sun pulling the object d)Gravity – the object is pulling the Sun towards it. 3. How does the amount of gravity on a planet or moon affect the mass and weight of an astronaut? a)The astronauts weight changes but his mass stays the same. b)The astronauts mass changes but his weight stays the same.

2. Partnership for Environmental Education and Rural Health peer.tamu.edu Not Your Elementary School Solar System!

3. INTRODUCTION The Solar System The Solar System is made of many smaller systems that interact with otherThe Solar System is made of many smaller systems that interact with other The Earth and the Moon create tides Land, water, and air interact to form weather Jupiter has 67 known moons –How are these systems held together in orbit?

4. INTRODUCTION The Solar System –How are these systems held together in orbit? GRAVITY

5. IS GRAVITY PERFECT? Earth is bumpy! The water flow and plate movement can change the pull of gravity. Differences in gravity can be mapped by tracking the movement of two orbiting satellites. As the Earth’s gravitational pull increases and decreases, the position of the satellites also changes.

6. OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM 1.PLANETS 2.NATURAL SATELLITES 3.MINOR OBJECTS – Asteroids – Comets – Meteoroids

7. OBJECTS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM DPs-45.0 How do the stars compare to the size of the Universe? The Universe is defined as all matter and energy, including the earth, the galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space. The Earth is in the Solar System. The Solar System has one star, the Sun, and is part of the Milky Way Galaxy. The Milky Way is part of the Local Group of galaxies and is one section of the Local SuperCluster in the Universe.

8. GALAXIES DPs-45.0 What galaxy is home to Earth? The MILKY WAY This image is actually many photographs combined and only shows ONE band of the Milky Way Galaxy.

9. THE SUN The Sun is the central point of the solar system and the ONLY STAR in the solar system. The Sun is only one of MANY stars in the Milky Way galaxy. 99% of all the mass in the Solar System is contained within the Sun. Without the Sun, the Earth and all other planets would fly off into space!

10. THE SUN Energy from the Sun is by a chemical change called nuclear fusion. –Releases tremendous amount of light and heat –All stars, including the Sun, get energy in this same way Objects are seen as the sunlight reflects from their surfaces, such as the moon. The Sun is one of the most important parts of the Solar System –Give some reasons why?

11. SOLAR SYSTEM OBJECTS All other objects orbit the sun and are divided into three main classes : A. Planets B. Dwarf planets C. Small Solar System bodies A planet has enough mass to form a spherical shape and is bound to the sun by gravity.

12. The Solar System : Three Classes The first class is planets. There are two categories for the planets. 1. TERRESTRIAL MERCURYVENUS MARS EARTH Considered to have rocky (or solid) surfaces Can either be silicon or carbon compound dominated Are closest to the Sun Structure is a metallic center core, usually iron, surrounded by a mantle Surfaces have canyons, craters, volcanoes, and mountains

13. Not composed or rocky or other solid matter Surfaces are mostly icy (elemental state of helium and hydrogen) There is no clearly defined, solid surface (cannot land shuttles or rovers on these planets) Rotate more rapidly than terrestrial planets Fast rotation causes wind bands or stripes near surface Have elaborate ring and moon systems The Solar System : Three Classes The second class of planets is : 2. GAS GIANTS (JOVIAN) JUPITERSATURN NEPTUNE URANUS

14. The Solar System In this image, the relative sizes and the order of the planets are correct, but the distances between each are not.

15. PlanetAvg. Distance from the Sun (km) Diameter (km) Mercury57,910,0004,880 Mars227,940,0006,794 Earth149,600,00012,756 Jupiter778,410,000142,984 Saturn1,426,730,000120,536 The Solar System What can you observe from the information on the table about the planets? The planets get larger the further the distance from the Sun

16. CERES Largest asteroid in the asteroid belt spanning from Mars to Jupiter First asteroid (minor planet) discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi of Italy in January 1,1801 Distance across is the size across Texas Water exists on Ceres, but in a frozen state The Solar System : Three Classes DPs-45.0 The second class is dwarf planets. There are three dwarf planets, including one that was originally the 9 th planet in the solar system. PLUTO Tenth largest body orbiting the Sun Largest member of the Kuiper Belt Composed mainly of rock and ice Size is a fifth the mass of the Earth’s moon and a third the moon’s volume About 3,667,000,000 miles from Earth New Horizons probe to visit in 2015

17. Asteroids Known as minor planets or planetoids have no atmosphere, but many are large enough to exert a gravitational pull Made of metal and rocky material tend to have shorter, more circular orbits Known as minor planets or planetoids have no atmosphere, but many are large enough to exert a gravitational pull Made of metal and rocky material tend to have shorter, more circular orbits hjdshsdjsFFJ GGG GG G

18. Asteroid Belt Located roughly between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter Contains most of the asteroids in the Solar System Located roughly between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter Contains most of the asteroids in the Solar System

19. Comets How does a comet change when it comes close to the Sun? A celestial object that orbits the Sun along an elongated path consists only of a nucleus—a solid core of frozen water, frozen gases, and dust when far from the Sun A celestial object that orbits the Sun along an elongated path consists only of a nucleus—a solid core of frozen water, frozen gases, and dust when far from the Sun Its body begins to melt, releasing ice and dust to form a longer, more visible tail.

20. Meteor VS Meteorite If a meteor survives the plunge through the atmosphere and lands on the surface, it's known as a. A meteor is an asteroid or other object that burns and vaporizes upon entry into the Earth's atmosphere “shooting star” meteorite survives meteor vaporizes