1. Metallic Bonds Metal atoms achieve electron configuration by losing electrons In metal, valence electrons are free to move among the atoms The metal atoms become cations surrounded by a pool of electrons, so a metallic bond is the attraction between a metal cation and the shared electrons around it

2. Metal Physical Properties lustrous (shiny) good conductors of heat and electricity high melting point high density (heavy for their size) malleable (can be hammered) ductile (can be drawn into wires) usually solid at room temperature (an exception is mercury) opaque as a thin sheet (can't see through metals) metals are sonorous or make a bell-like sound when struck

3. Explaining Properties of Metals The structure within metal affects the properties of metals The mobility of electrons explains some of the properties of metals Electric current carried by the free flow of the shared electrons

4. Alloys Gold by itself is a soft metal, but if you mix it with silver, copper, nickel, or zinc the gold becomes much harder These gold mixtures are alloys An alloy is a mixture of 2 or more elements, at least one is a metal

5. Copper Alloys 1 st important alloy was bronze In its simplest form, bronze only contains copper / tin, which are soft metals Mixed together in bronze makes the metals much harder / stronger than if they were alone

6. Copper Alloys Scientists can design alloys with specific properties by varying the types and amounts of elements in an alloy Brass is another alloy of copper -In its simplest form brass contains only copper / zinc

7. Steel Alloys Steel is an alloy of iron that contains a small amount of carbon (0.02 – 3%) The smaller carbon atoms fit in the spaces between the larger iron atoms The carbon atoms forms bonds with the neighboring iron atoms

8. Other Alloys Pure aluminum is lighter than most metals, but it bends / dents to easy Mix it with a small amount of copper or manganese, the result is a stronger material that is still lighter than steel

9. Nonmetal Physical Properties not lustrous (dull appearance) poor conductors of heat and electricity Non-ductile solids (Non-metals cannot be melted and drawn into thin wires) brittle solids (non-malleability or the brittleness property, can’t be hammered or they will be shattered) may be solids, liquids or gases at room temperature transparent as a thin sheet nonmetals are not sonorous (rings when struck)