1. During the High Middle Ages, the Church preserved ancient literature by translating _____________ and ______________ works into _______________. Greek and Arabic into Latin

2. What city did Christian armies defeat that led to a great influx of knowledge in Western Europe? The clergy

3. What city did Christian armies defeat that led to a great influx of knowledge in Western Europe? Toledo, Spain

4. What is scholasticism? The idea that Science could prove Christian beliefs

5. What were two mathematical advances during this period? Algebra and the use of the Arabic number system

6. Why was science slow to develop during the Middle Ages? Scholars believed that all teachings must agree with Church teachings.

7. What was the country of origin of Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales? England

8. What was the country of origin of El Cid? Spain

9. What was the country of origin of Chanson de Geste? France

10. What was the country of origin of Dante’s Divine Comedy? Italy

11. How did the Black Death/Plague affect towns and feudal obligations? They were free from feudal obligations.

12. What was the first known literary work in Old English? Beowulf

13. What were two key features of Gothic Architecture? Flying Buttresses and stained glass windows

14. William the Conqueror went to England from ________ in ________ C.E.. Normandy, France In 1066 C.E.

15. What is a flying buttress??

16. When did English Common Law begin? Under the reign of Henry II

17. What was Common Law based on? A system of law based on court decisions

18. What English king was forced to sign the Magna Carta? King John

19. What was the importance of the Magna Carta?? It limited royal power.

20. What were three rights guaranteed by the Magna Carta? protection under the law, the right to a jury trial, no taxation without representation

21. Where did Hugh Capet begin a dynasty? Paris, France

22. What two countries fought against each other during the Hundred Years’ War? England and France

23. What was the basic cause of the Hundred Years’ War? The Conflict between England and France over who should control Normandy

24. Why was Joan of Arc important during the Hundred Years’ War? She unified the French army and inspired them to drive the British out of France

25. What was the effect of the Hundred Years’ War on England and France? It helped both define themselves as a nation (unified the people because each country was fighting against a common enemy)

26. Why did the power of the English Parliament increase during the Hundred Years’ War? They gained power by raising money to fight in the war- the power of the purse

27. In what century did the Hundred Years’ War end? In the 15 th century

28. What unified Spain in the High Middle Ages? The marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella

29. Under whose rule did Spain expand into the Western Hemisphere? Charles V (5 th )

30. From what area did the Mongols originate? They were fierce horsemen form North Central Asia

31. What areas were invaded by Mongol Armies during the Middle Ages? Russia, China and the Middle East

32. Who expanded the Russian nation and centralized power in Moscow? Ivan the Great

33. What church unified Russia? The Orthodox Church

34. What nearby empire greatly influenced Russia? The Byzantine Empire

35. What pope made a speech to persuade Christians to “take back” the Holy Land?? Urban II

36. Where was/is the Holy Land? The area on the eastern Mediterranean Sea that surrounds Jerusalem

37. What three religions consider Jerusalem to be a sacred city? Christianity, Islam and Judaism

38. What Muslim leader defeated the Christians to take possession of Jerusalem and the Holy land? Saladin

39. What was the effect of the Crusades on trade? It increased it because crusaders were introduced to desirable new items

40. What were three main products that Europeans wanted to get from Asia? Cloth, spices and fruit

41. What was the King of Spices? Pepper

42. Why were European economies stimulated? So they could produce goods to trade for the products from Asia

43. What empire was ultimately weakened by the Crusades? The Byzantine Empire- partly because it was sacked and looted by European crusaders

44. How did the Crusades affect the power of the nobles and the Pope? Their power was weakened, but the power of monarchs was strengthened

45. How did the Crusades affect the relationship among Muslims, Christians and Jews? It left a lasting bitterness among the religions, especially Christians and Jews against Muslims

46. How did the Black Death/Plague reach Europe? It spread along the trade routes Fleas on rats

47. How did the Black Death/Plague affect trade? It decreased it

48. How did the Black Death/Plague affect population? Population declined

49. How did the Black Death/Plague affect the influence of the Church? It lost influence because it could not stop the plague. In addition, many members of the clergy died from the plague.

50. How did the Black Death/Plague affect migration patterns? People moved from the cities to small towns and the country to try to avoid getting the plague.

51. How did the Black Death/Plague affect the labor supply? It dwindled as one-half to one- third of the people died.

52. How did the Black Death/Plague affect serfs? They left the manors to fill jobs because of the scarcity of labor.

53. What is the place of origin- China, India or Europe? Arabic Numbers India

54. What is the place of origin- China, India or Europe? Compass China

55. What is the place of origin- China, India or Europe? Cotton India

56. What is the place of origin- China, India or Europe? Silk China

57. What is the place of origin- China, India or Europe? Gunpowder China

58. What is the place of origin- China, India or Europe? Windmills and Waterwheels Europe

59. What is the place of origin- China, India or Europe? Lateen Sail India

60. What is the place of origin- China, India or Europe? Porcelain China