1. Frostbite Chilblain and Trench foot

2. Frostbite Frostnip Mild Frostbite Severe Frostbite
The actual freezing of tissue due to exposure to sub freezing temperatures
Frostnip
Top Layer of skin affected, little permanent damage, redness, swelling
Mild Frostbite
Superficial, swollen skin, some clear blistering
Severe Frostbite
Deep, purple and black blistering, destruction of skin, muscles, nerves, blood vessels, and even bones

4. Areas that are most affected include Why? What leads to frostbite?
Hands, feet, ears, cheeks, face
Why?
What leads to frostbite?
Increased exposure from:
Cold wind
Fatigue
Hypothermia
Dehydration
Alcohol and Drug use

7. Steps from mild to severe:
Biting cold feeling, some numbness, red and puffy skin
More puffy, violet coloration, hard wooden feeling develops, skin yellow-white in color
Rose coloration, blisters, appear, skin is shiny
Blisters break, tissue peels back, bluish appearance of tissue
Blisters dry, blacken appearance, infections or gangrene, amputation is usually necessary

9. What is happening?
Tissue is actually freezing, forming ice crystals in the cells.
Expanding ice breaks cells (Lysis) or push extra fluid into intercellular spaces (Edema)
Cells that live have slowed metabolism because of cold
Cells may die later because blood vessels have been broken (bluish color)

11. How do I fix it?
Prevention: Don’t expose your skin to extreme cold (wind chills)
Layer clothing
Cover high risk areas
Stay dry
Avoid risk factors
Treatment only if there is no chance the area will refreeze.
- Thawing and refreezing can cause cells to use up any reserves they have and introduce more water to expand in cells that may have been safe

12. Treatment for Frostbite
Warm slowly in warm water( degrees)
Don’t puncture blisters (Why a higher risk of infection?)
Don’t rub affected areas (Why?)
Seek medical attention (leaches)
Process will be very painful (Why?)

14. Chilblain-exposure to dry cold conditions, tissue does not freeze, clear, whitish, or yellow blisters form

15. Trench Foot-exposure to cold wet conditions, name came from WW1

16. Areas that have been frostbit before are more susceptible to getting frostbit again (Why?)
Frostbite is a local injury due to the direct action of cold below 0°C for a non specific period of time. Frostbite injuries are usually classified in three (or four) degrees of severity according to their clinical aspect and evolution

17. Stay warm out there!