1. Learning by observation
Module 30

2. Learning by observation
Observational learning – learning by observing others
Modeling – the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior
Albert Bandura – Bobo doll experiment
Children modeled observed behavior
Vicarious reinforcement and punishment
More likely to learn from people we perceive similar to ourselves as successful or as admirable
Mirror neurons: frontal lobe neurons that some scientists believe fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. The mirroring of another’s action may enable imitation and empathy.

3. Applications of observational learning
Prosocial behavior – positive, constructive, helpful behavior.
Employee training
Peaceful leaders
Parents modeling morality
Antisocial effects:
Viewing abusive behavior and imitating
Violence in media (children imitate and become desensitized)
Correlations between violence on TV and violent crimes
Not necessarily causation: aggressive children may prefer violent programs