1. South East Public Health Observatory Hospital Episodes Statistics (HES) Isobel Perry - Senior Public Health Intelligence Analyst - SEPHO Day 2 – Session 4 – December 2 nd 2009

2. Learning objectives What is HES? Where does HES fit in? Examples of use

3. What is HES ? National record of in-patient/out-patient/ A&E care delivered by NHS hospitals in England from 1989 onwards – approx 13 million records a year for inpatient activity alone. Each financial year, NHS Trusts submit record level data on all Finished Consultant Episodes (FCEs) – Secondary Uses Service (SUS) HES covers all medical specialties and includes private patients treated within NHS hospitals. It does not, however, include private patients treated in private hospitals.

4. What is HES ? HES information is stored as a large collection of separate records - one for each period of care. Each HES record contains a wide range of information about an individual patient admitted to an NHS hospital. For example:- clinical information about diagnoses and operations patient information such as age group, gender and ethnic category administrative information, such as time waited and date of admission geographical information on where the patient was treated and the area in which they lived.

5. HES Safe Haven PHOs have access to an full national extract of HES data – SEPHO will hold 1989 – 2009 PHOs also have access to an on-line system (HES2) for the whole of England from 1989 – 2009 PHOs provide ad-hoc service and standard outputsad-hoc service standard outputs

6. Data Collection HES data for admitted patients, outpatients and A&E comes from the routine exchanges of information between providers of healthcare for NHS patients in England and commissioners of the care. Healthcare providers collect administrative and clinical information locally to support the care of the patient. The data is submitted to the Secondary Uses Service (SUS), which, as well as forwarding it to the commissioners, also copies the information to a database.Secondary Uses Service At pre-arranged times during the year, SUS takes an extract from their database and sends it to HES. Data on SUS will continue to change, but HES data is fixed as it was when that particular extract was taken. HES then validates and cleans the extract, before deriving new items and making the information available in the data warehouse.

7. No patient names Excludes (most) activity in private hospitals Quality of clinical coding – regional variation Restricted access to certain sensitive fields Consultant code GP code Boundary changes and population denominators (everybody ’ s nightmare, not just HES) HES is not a live system Time lag 2008/2009 finalised dataset released - October 2009 2009/10 monthly data available – provisional only What are the limitations of HES?

8. Strengths Probably the second largest 'medical' database in the world after medicare/medi-aid (USA) Un-interrupted data collection since 1989 - coverage of 18 years to 2008/09 Resident and registered populations Geographically and temporally referenced Diagnoses & procedures coded using standardised coding frames - ICD9, ICD10 & OPCS4, HRG (latest 3.5) Covers population of approx 50,000,000 + (principally England) Covers all NHS hospitals ~ 90-95% of all in-patient care

9. Secondary Uses Service (SUS) Users are able to access records in datasets within the SUS data warehouse appropriate to their role and organisation. PCTs will only be able to see their own data – not good for benchmarking! Need to ask PHO HES team for comparative data

10. SUS versus HES HES has a time delay Will not change Better for research rather than real time monitoring SUS is a live system, updated as your local arrangements, continually changing Therefore data from some trusts might not be complete – need to check you have all you expect

11. At least one record for each patient’s stay in hospital (either day case or in-patient) A record reflects a patient’s period of care under a consultant, known as a consultant episode. A patient’s SPELL in hospital may comprise of more than one episode What is a patient record ?

12. Spells and Episodes 1 Discharge 4 Episodes

13. Episodes and Spells

14. Types of hospital admissions Elective admissions – Where the patient has been waiting for treatment Emergency admissions – Immediate admission (also from A&E) Day Case – Elective in-patients admitted just for the day, the treatment can be concluded within the day Maternity – Admission of pregnant women to maternity ward

15. Linkage HES datasets can be linked to mortality data Applies only to older data, as the mortality files published at least a year in arrears. SEPHO expects to have this linked dataset available in about six months.

16. HES part 2: practical examples of applied HES data

17. Example - Assault by knife or sharp object Need to define ‘Assault by sharp object’ using ICD10 codes Only ‘emergency admissions’ and 1 st admission for each patient ICD10 codes (diagnosis) - all mentions –Coded as X99 – ‘Assault by sharp object’ (external cause of morbidity) But excluded the following 1.W25 to W26 – Injury may have been in part accidental 2.X78 – Self inflicted 3.Y28 – Undetermined intent

18. Mapping HES data

19. HES e-Atlas

20. HES fields – fundamentals Patient Sex Age at admission Admission type – emergency/elective, inpatient/day Episode – First Finished Consultant episode? Diagnosis – ICD-10 code in Primary Diagnosis only, or in any of 20 positions? Procedure – OPCS code in Main Operative procedure only, or in any of 23 positions? HRGs Geography – area of residence/area of treatment/treatment provider Year(s)

21. Top 5 best HES pages HES online Secondary Uses Service (SUS) NHS Classifications Service Unit of Healthcare Epidemiology (University of Oxford) Shape Toolkit (healthcare data with GIS)

22. Female breast cancer - Incidence South Central SHA - Female Breast cancer Incidence Age standardised rate 2002-2006 Test for trend: p-value less than 0.05 (significant) Source: Cancer Inequalities in South Central Strategic Health Authority, OCIU (pending)

23. Female breast cancer – Emergency admissions Source: Cancer Inequalities in South Central Strategic Health Authority, OCIU (pending) South Central Direct standardised rates All Hospital admissions 2002/03 - 2006/07 breast cancer

24. Rectal cancer – surgical procedures 2007/2008 APE = abdominoperineal excision AR = Anterior Resection Source: Clinical Standards Indicators in South Central, SEPHO 2009

25. South Central SHA Male hospital admissions for lung cancer Percentage which were emergencies by quintile of deprivation 2002/03 - 2006/07 Male lung cancer emergency admissions Source: Cancer Inequalities in South Central Strategic Health Authority, OCIU (pending)

26. Lung cancer incidence male age standardised rate 2002-2006 Male lung cancer incidence Source: Cancer Inequalities in South Central Strategic Health Authority, OCIU (pending)

27. Lung resections 0607 - 0708 Lung cancer admissions for lung resection – numerator Lung cancer registrations, Oxford Cancer Intelligence Unit - denominator Source: Clinical Standards Indicators in South Central update, SEPHO (pending)

28. Number of complex or surgical procedures for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach and pancreas by Hospital Trust Procedures for upper gastrointestinal cancer Source: Clinical Standards Indicators in South Central update, SEPHO (pending)

29. 2007/08